相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 27, 2025

05:07
Characterizing Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Fluids
Published on: February 28, 2025
443
由亡产生的细胞外囊泡:形式,功能和应用
Christopher D Gregory1, Michael P Rimmer2
1Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
The Journal of pathology
|June 9, 2023
概括
来自垂死细胞的细胞外囊泡 (EVs),称为亡EVs (ApoEVs),转移各种货物. 本综述强调了它们多样化的生物发生,健康和疾病中的功能以及潜在的临床应用.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 病理学 病理学 病理学
背景情况:
- 细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 通过转移生物材料来调解细胞间的通信.
- EVs包括微微囊,外体和亡 EVs (ApoEVs),在生物发生和起源上有所不同.
- 来自经历细胞亡的细胞的ApoEVs因其多样化的载荷和功能而越来越受认可.
研究的目的:
- 审查有关ApoEVs的形成,货物和功能的现有证据.
- 探索ApoEVs的生物发生路径和相互作用机制.
- 讨论ApoEVs在生理和病理过程中的作用,包括潜在的临床应用.
主要方法:
- 对细胞外囊泡研究的文献综述,重点关注ApoEVs.
- 对有关ApoEV货物的多样性 (核酸,蛋白质,有机体) 的数据分析.
- 对ApoEVs生物发生途径和受体细胞相互作用的证据的检查.
主要成果:
- ApoEV 在光和表面膜载荷方面表现出相当大的多样性.
- ApoEVs起源于类似于微粒细胞和外体细胞生物发生的途径.
- 在各种条件下,ApoEVs调节炎症,免疫和细胞命运程序.
结论:
- ApoEVs代表了一类独特的细胞外囊泡,具有重要的功能作用.
- 它们的广泛尺寸范围和多样化的货物表明了复杂的生物发生和相互作用机制.
- 在癌症和动脉样硬化等疾病中,ApoEV有望用于诊断和治疗应用.
相关概念视频
Overview of Exosomes
2.8K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.8K
Apoptosis
11.6K
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
11.6K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
6.5K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.5K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
3.9K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
3.9K
Exocytosis
66.7K
Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
66.7K
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies
3.6K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
3.6K

