多方面的食品气味剂4-甲基选择性地激活进化保存受体OR9Q2
Franziska Haag1, Tim Frey1, Sandra Hoffmann1
1Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Food chemistry
|June 9, 2023
概括
研究人员确定了人类气味受体OR9Q2作为4-甲基的特定传感器,该化合物具有多种作用,如食品气味,恶臭和半化学物质. 这一发现填补了人类嗅觉感知中的空白,并揭示了进化保护.
科学领域:
- 嗅觉受体研究研究
- 化学感应是一种化学感应.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 4-甲基是一种具有显著感官影响的挥发性化合物,以其独特的气味质量而闻名.
- 它作为一种可取的香气和一种不愉快的恶臭的双重作用,以及作为一种半化学品的功能,需要了解其检测机制.
- 识别4-甲基的特定人类气味受体一直是嗅觉研究中的一个长期挑战.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别和描述负责检测4-甲基的人类气味受体.
- 研究已识别的受体对4-甲基及其异构体的选择性.
- 探索这种受体在不同物种中的进化保护和功能意义.
主要方法:
- 人类嗅觉受体基因的识别和表征.
- 在试验室使用纯化4-甲基及其同位素3-甲基进行的功能测定.
- 在黑猩猩,老鼠和奶牛中对正义受体进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 人类受体OR9Q2被识别并表征为专门针对4-甲基的受体,使其与同位素3-甲基区别开来.
- 在检测4-甲基方面,OR9Q2的功能在相关物种 (包括黑猩猩,老鼠和牛) 中被进化保存.
- 与人体受体相比,牛的OR9Q2基因组表现出对4-甲基的信号响应显著更高,与其已知的作为费洛蒙的作用保持一致.
结论:
- OR9Q2作为4-甲基的关键传感器,解决了人类对这种多功能化合物的嗅觉感知中的关键差距.
- OR9Q2的进化保护突出了4-甲基在物种间检测的重要性.
- 牛受体的高度敏感性表明,它们在动物交流和费洛蒙信号传递中起着专门的作用.
相关概念视频
01:11ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –NH2, –OCH3
6.1K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
6.1K
01:21G-Protein Gated Ion Channels
4.6K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision. The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
Sensory...
4.6K
01:11IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway
12.2K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.2K