人类T细胞识别常见感冒冠状病毒的目标和交叉反应性
Alison Tarke1, Yun Zhang2, Nils Methot3
1Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Experimental Medicine and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Cell reports. Medicine
|June 9, 2023
概括
研究T细胞对普通感冒冠状病毒 (CoV) 的反应,揭示了阿尔法和β组内的交叉反应性. 之前的Cov暴露显著影响交叉反应,对于开发泛冠状病毒疫苗至关重要.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 冠状病毒 (CoV) 构成重大公共卫生威胁,需要广泛的疫苗策略.
- 了解T细胞对普通感冒冠状病毒 (CCC) 的反应,可以为泛冠状病毒疫苗的开发提供信息.
研究的目的:
- 分析T细胞对普通感冒CoVs (Alpha-NL63和Beta-OC43) 的反应性.
- 评估T细胞对包括sarbecoCoVs在内的多种CoV群的交叉反应性.
- 识别参与T细胞反应的关键病毒抗原和表位.
主要方法:
- 在大流行前的人类样本中对抗阿尔法 (NL63) 和β (OC43) 冠状病毒的T细胞反应性的分析.
- 免疫主导和病毒特异性T细胞表位的识别.
- 对T细胞对各种CoV群体 (AlphaCoV,sarbecoCoV,Beta-non-sarbecoCoV) 的交叉反应性的评估.
主要成果:
- S,N,M和nsp3抗原显示免疫主导,类似于SARS-CoV-2.
- nsp2和nsp12对α或β冠状病毒具有特异性.
- 在阿尔法和β组中观察到高的T细胞交叉反应率 (>67%的序列保存).
- 针对sarbecoCoVs的交叉反应性有限,即使有序列保存,这表明先前的Cov暴露是关键的.
结论:
- 以前存在的T细胞免疫力对普通感冒的CoVs有助于同源组内的交叉反应.
- 仅仅是序列保存并不能保证交叉反应性,特别是对于sarbecoCoVs.
- 研究结果为设计有效的泛冠状病毒疫苗提供了关键的见解,这些疫苗针对各种人类CoV.
相关概念视频
Cross-reactivity
31.3K
Overview
31.3K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
833
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
833
Affinity and Avidity
36.4K
Overview
36.4K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
838
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
838
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
565
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
565


