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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.4K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

49
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
49
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

5.1K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
5.1K
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

7.5K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
7.5K
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

420
Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...
420
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.3K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 27, 2025

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells
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没有了,没有了,没有了.

Xinghui Wu1, Lina Yang2, Mingjie Xia1

  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China.

International journal of biological macromolecules
|June 9, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

和离子影响大豆多糖 (SHP) 的稳定性和肠道粘液的相互作用. 较高的离子度会增加SHP聚合,影响肠道中的营养吸收机制.

关键词:
空气/水界面的接口.离子 离子粘液 粘液是一种粘液.这是一种大豆的多糖化物.稳定的稳定性 稳定的稳定性

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科学领域:

  • 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
  • 生物化学 生化学
  • 体科学 体科学 体科学

背景情况:

  • 和大豆多糖 (SHP) 在肠液中的空气/水界面形成稳定的能量屏障.
  • 这种屏障对于营养物质在消化系统中的吸收和运输至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究不同 (Na+) 和 (K+) 离子度 (0.5%和1.5%) 对能量屏障的影响.
  • 了解这些离子与微波辅助氧酸盐提取SP (MASP) /粘液在模拟的消化环境中的相互作用.

主要方法:

  • 用颗粒大小,泽塔潜力,界面张力和表面疏水性测量来描述MASP/粘液系统.
  • 通过富里埃变换红外光谱,内源性光谱,微观结构成像和剪切类风学分析分子相互作用.
  • 在体外消化系统模型模拟肠道条件.

主要成果:

  • 离子-MASP/粘液相互作用涉及静电力,疏水性相互作用和键.
  • 虽然MASP/粘液系统在12小时内不稳定,但离子部分增强了它的稳定性.
  • 增加的离子度导致持续的MASP聚合,更大的聚合物在粘液层上方形成.
  • 在界面上的MASP/粘液吸附最初增加,然后随着离子度的上升而下降.

结论:

  • 离子调节肠道MASP/粘液系统的稳定性和聚合行为.
  • 这些发现为MASP如何在肠道环境中发挥作用提供了机械的理解.
  • 这项研究为优化涉及多糖的营养物质输送和吸收策略提供了理论基础.