远距离,内在,没有素基因的多样化过程
Chihiro Fujiyabu1, Keita Sato2, Hideyo Ohuchi2
1Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
The Journal of biological chemistry
|June 9, 2023
概括
远距离鱼类的无内子黑色素 (Opn4) 基因是基于RNA的重复产生的,对非视觉光感受至关重要,并有助于鱼类的适应.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 分子遗传学 分子遗传学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 奥普辛是脊椎动物中至关重要的光敏感蛋白质,介导视觉和非视觉光感受.
- 大多数opsin基因含有内子,但teleosts拥有没有内子的opsin基因,可能源于回复复制.
- 参与非图像形成的光感受的Opn4 (黑色素) 基因是焦点,因为它在远程实体中具有独特的无内子形式.
研究的目的:
- 研究远鱼和非远鱼中Opn4基因的进化史.
- 确定远程生物中没有内突的Opn4基因的起源和功能意义.
- 阐明Opn4逆转基因对Opsin曲目多样化和适应的贡献.
主要方法:
- 在各种鱼类中对Opn4基因进行比较基因结构分析.
- 合成分析以追踪没有内子的Opn4基因的出现.
- 生物化学和体化学分析,以评估Opn4蛋白的功能和表达.
主要成果:
- 没有内子的Opn4基因起源于比希尔血统的分歧后的反复复制.
- 在teleosts中,新的无内突的Opn4基因很容易被采用,并且在没有显著的蛋白质改变的情况下得到广泛表达.
- Opn4逆转基因的进化轨迹反映了Actinopterygii中的Rhodopsin逆转基因的进化轨迹.
结论:
- 通过回复复制获得没有内子的Opn4 (黑色素) 基因是远星生物进化中的一个关键事件.
- 这一过程有助于子基因家族的扩大和适应各种水生环境.
- 这些发现为推动脊椎动物基因重复和功能创新的机制提供了洞察力.
相关概念视频
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.2K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.2K
Exon Recombination
3.6K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
3.6K
Position-effect Variegation
6.4K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.4K
Gene Families
8.9K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
8.9K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
8.0K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
8.0K
Genetics of Speciation
19.4K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
19.4K


