水的演变 水的演变
1Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research
|June 10, 2023
概括
血膜中的电源 (Na+) 和 (H+) 是在古老的古物中演变出来的. 后来的真核生物专业化,动物保留Na+/K+-ATPases,植物和真菌使用H+-ATPases.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物能学 细胞生物能学
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 细胞的等离子膜利用电致P型ATPases来产生能量.
- 动物使用Na+/K+-ATPases,而真菌和植物使用PM H+-ATPases.
- Prokaryotes 依赖于电子运输复合体来获得膜能量.
研究的目的:
- 研究电源Na+和H+的进化起源和多样化.
- 要了解为什么和什么时候这些进化为不同的生命形式.
主要方法:
- 对 prokaryotes 和 eukaryotes 中的 Na+/K+-ATPases 和 PM H+-ATPases 的比较分析.
- 检查保护在结合点和家族遗传分布.
- 根据不同血统中这些的存在/不存在,假设进化途径.
主要成果:
- Prokaryotic Na+/K+-ATPases 显示了离子结合点的高度保存.
- 这些在甲性古物中很常见,通常与PM H+-ATPases一起存在.
- Na+/K+-ATPases和PM H+-ATPases在真核生物中分布广泛,但在动物,真菌或植物中没有一起发现.
结论:
- Na+/K+-ATPases和PM H+-ATPases可能在甲原性古生物中共同演化,以支持生物能源学.
- 第一个真核细胞可能拥有这两种类型.
- 动物保留了Na+/K+-ATPases,而失去了PM H+-ATPases;真菌失去了Na+/K+-ATPases,采用了PM H+-ATPases. 在地球化过程中,植物也遵循了类似的模式.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Primary Active Transport
10.4K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
10.4K
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps
4.9K
The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
4.9K
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps
3.8K
V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
3.8K
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview
8.3K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
8.3K
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium
628
The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
628
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview
2.3K
An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell. This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell. This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
2.3K


![Camera-based Measurements of Intracellular [Na+] in Murine Atrial Myocytes](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F59600.jpg&w=3840&q=50)