在美国老年人中,自我报告的听力损失,助听器使用和认知功能
Jessica S West1,2, Sherri L Smith1,2,3, Matthew E Dupre1,2,4
1Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
International journal of population studies
|June 12, 2023
概括
听力损失与老年人的认知能力下降有关,但助听器的使用可能会提供保护,特别是对于白人和西班牙裔个人. 早期干预是不同人群大脑健康的关键.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 听力损失是阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症的新兴可修改的风险因素.
- 纵向,全国代表性的研究对于了解老年人群中听力损失,认知功能和助听器使用之间的相互作用至关重要.
- 了解这些跨不同种族和种族群体的关联对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查美国全国老年人样本中与年龄相关的听力损失,助听器使用和认知功能轨迹之间的联系.
- 检查这些协会是如何因种族和种族而异的.
- 确定助听器的使用是否能减轻听力损失对认知能力下降的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用来自健康和退休研究 (HRS) 的11个纵向数据 (1998-2018) 波.
- 在65岁及以上的成年人中分析了自我报告的听力损失,助听器使用和认知功能.
- 雇佣混合效应模型来评估随时间变化和人口学子组的变化.
主要成果:
- 在非西班牙裔白人,非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔老年人中,在65岁时,较高水平的听力损失与较低的认知功能相关.
- 听力损失和认知功能之间的关联在白人和黑人中随着年龄的增长而减少,但在西班牙裔人中仍然存在.
- 助听器使用在白人和西班牙裔老年人中与认知功能有保护性关联,但在黑人老年人中没有.
结论:
- 及时识别听力损失和采用助听器可能对保持老年人的认知功能很重要.
- 听力损失,助听器使用和认知轨迹之间的关系在种族和民族亚群之间有很大的差异.
- 这些发现强调了需要量身定制的公共卫生战略,以解决听力损失作为美国不同人口认知衰老的一个因素.
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