轰炸机和刺客:不平等防御的昆虫之间的模仿相互作用
Shinji Sugiura1, Masakazu Hayashi2
1Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
PeerJ
|June 12, 2023
概括
在对准贝蒂斯模仿的研究中,发现轰炸虫 (Pheropsophus occipitalis jessoensis) 和刺客虫 (Sirthenea flavipes) 都从它们的相似性中受益. 捕食者在遇到两种物种后学会了避免这两种物种.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 防御性模仿,其中较少防御的物种类似于较多防御的物种,可以是寄生性的 (准贝蒂斯模仿).
- 很少有研究在实证上测试了使用真实的共模仿者及其捕食者的准贝蒂斯模仿.
研究的目的:
- 研究轰炸虫 (Pheropsophus occipitalis jessoensis) 和刺客虫 (Sirthenea flavipes) 之间的模仿相互作用.
- 为了确定这些防御良好的昆虫物种是否受益于它们在共同的捕食者,池青 (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) 存在时的相似性.
主要方法:
- 在实验室条件下观察成年和幼年池青对轰炸甲虫和刺客虫的行为反应.
- 向曾经遇到其他物种的青呈现共仿真物,以评估捕食者学习和避免.
主要成果:
- 炸弹虫 (100%的拒绝率) 被青比杀手虫 (75%的拒绝率) 更强烈地拒绝,这表明甲虫得到了更有效的防御.
- 遇到一种昆虫物种的青对另一种昆虫的攻击率降低,这表明它们学会了避开.
- 这两种昆虫物种都受益于由于捕食者学习而导致的模仿相互作用.
结论:
- Pheropsophus occipitalis jessoensis和Sirthenea flavipes之间的模仿相互作用是互利的,而不是寄生性的.
- 捕食者学习在维持这种准贝蒂斯模仿系统中起着至关重要的作用.
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