年轻人与老年人高脂肪饮食中的β细胞功能:运动的作用
Steven K Malin1, Hannah Frick2,3, William S Wisseman2
1Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States.
概括
老年人在高脂肪饮食期间表现出更高的胰岛素分泌. 运动对年轻人和老年人骨肌肉的胰岛素敏感性有好处,但可能会使老年人脂肪胰岛素抵抗性恶化.
科学领域:
- 代谢生理学 代谢生理学
- 衰老研究研究 衰老研究
- 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 高脂肪的食物会损害胰腺β细胞的功能.
- 运动对高脂肪饮食后β细胞功能的急性影响尚不清楚,特别是在不同年龄段.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较运动对β细胞功能和葡萄糖调节的急性影响,在年轻成年人 (YA) 和老年人 (OA) 的高脂肪餐期间.
- 为了研究运动如何影响不同组织 (骨肌肉,脂肪,肝脏) 的胰岛素敏感性和耐药性,在高脂肪饮食后的YA和OA中.
主要方法:
- 随机交叉试验涉及YA和OA在休息或运动后 (前12小时) 摄入高脂肪餐.
- 测量包括血脂,葡萄糖,胰岛素,自由脂肪酸,C-,肝脏胰岛素提取,身体组成 (DXA) 和V·o2峰.
- 评估胰岛素敏感性和β细胞功能使用松达指数,HOMA-IR,脂肪-IR和从C-和葡萄糖水平获得的排放指数 (DI).
主要成果:
- 老年人 (OA) 的总胆固醇,LDL,肝脏胰岛素提取和处置指数较高,与年轻人 (YA) 相比,脂肪胰岛素耐药性较低,尽管身体组成和葡萄糖耐受性相似.
- 运动降低了OA与YA的早期总胆固醇和LDL.
- 与OA相比,运动后的YA显示了曲线下的C-面积减少,全相葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌和脂肪胰岛素抵抗.
- 肌排放指数在运动后在YA和OA中增加,而脂肪排放指数在OA中倾向于下降.
结论:
- 运动可以提高骨肌肉对胰岛素的敏感性和与年轻人和老年人的葡萄糖耐受性相关的处置指数.
- 在老年人中,运动可能矛盾地增加脂肪组织的胰岛素抵抗力,并减少胰腺β细胞功能相对于脂肪组织.
- 需要进一步的研究,以了解不同年龄段的营养素和运动相互作用,以减轻慢性疾病风险.
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