在工作环境中个体内的人格变化:对工作表现的祝福还是诅咒?
Loes Abrahams1, Jasmine Vergauwe1, Filip De Fruyt1
1Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University.
The Journal of applied psychology
|June 12, 2023
概括
个体内的人格变化影响工作表现,自我评价变化与自我表现正面相关,其他评价变化与表现负面相关. 效果取决于一个人的整体个性特征.
科学领域:
- 工业和组织 (I-O) 心理学
- 人格心理学 人格心理学
- 组织行为 组织行为
背景情况:
- 关于人格变化和工作表现的研究正在出现,但产生不一致的结果.
- 评级者来源和平均水平人格对这种关系的影响还不太清楚.
- 社会分析理论为理解社会背景中的个性提供了一个框架.
研究的目的:
- 调查自我和他人评价的个人内性格变异性对工作绩效的预测有效性.
- 检查中等层次人格在人格变化和工作表现之间的关系中的调节作用.
- 探索评分者来源 (自我与他人) 对人格变异性评估及其绩效影响的影响.
主要方法:
- 对166名教师,95名主管和1354名学生进行了一项经验抽样研究.
- 收集的数据包括自我和其他评级的人内个性变化指数.
- 工作表现由个人和他们的评级者评估.
主要成果:
- 自我评价的个人内部变性积极预测了自我评价的工作表现,独立于平均水平的人格.
- 其他评级的个人内部变性负面预测了其他评级的工作表现.
- 与平均水平人格的互动表明,变化对具有适应性人格特征的人来说是有益的,对具有较低适应性特征的人来说是有害的.
- 有限的证据支持不同评级来源的协会.
结论:
- 在人内的人格变化影响表现的感知超出稳定的人格特征.
- 人格变化的可取性取决于个体的平均水平人格特征.
- 未来的研究应该考虑人格变化,平均水平人格和组织设置中的评价者观点之间的相互作用.
相关概念视频
01:26Cultural Influences on Personality
202
Individualist and collectivist cultures emphasize different core values, shaping personality in distinct ways. In individualist cultures, such as those in the United States, England, and Australia, people prioritize independence, competition, and personal achievement. These societies tend to promote self-focused traits, with individuals often reporting higher levels of self-esteem. In contrast, collectivist cultures, commonly found in regions like Asia, Africa, and South America, emphasize...
202
00:56Attribution Theory
13.0K
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
13.0K
01:30Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality
588
Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
588
01:19The Behavioral Perspective on Personality
365
Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
365
01:29Personality Theory by Eysenck and Eysenck
529
Hans and Sybil Eysenck developed a widely recognized theory of personality, which emphasizes the role of temperament and genetically based differences in shaping individual traits. Their theory posits that biological factors primarily determine personality and can be understood through two main dimensions: extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability.
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
In the extroversion/introversion dimension, highly extroverted people are sociable, outgoing, and easily connect with others. In contrast,...
529
01:14Fundamental Attribution Error
12.9K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.9K