在SARS-CoV-2人类挑战之后,病毒排放到空气和环境中:第一阶段,开放标签,首次在人身上进行研究
Jie Zhou1, Anika Singanayagam2, Niluka Goonawardane1
1Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
The Lancet. Microbe
|June 12, 2023
概括
了解SARS-CoV-2传播需要测量病毒排放,而不仅仅是病毒载量. 少数个体是高排放者,鼻子是主要的来源,这表明有针对性的隔离策略是关键.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 有效的SARS-CoV-2传播控制取决于识别传染个体和时期.
- 上呼吸道扫描中的病毒载量是传染性的常见代理,但直接测量病毒排放可能提供更准确的传播潜力的评估.
研究的目的:
- 为了纵向相关病毒排放,上呼吸道病毒载量和参与者实验感染SARS-CoV-2的症状.
- 为了确定病毒分泌和排放的主要路线和时间.
主要方法:
- 一个第一阶段,开放标签,首次在人体实验性SARS-CoV-2感染研究.
- 健康,未接种疫苗的成年人被鼻内注射SARS-CoV-2疫苗,并在负压室中进行监测.
- 每天收集鼻子/喉拭子,空气样本 (科里奥利斯,面罩) 和环境表面/手拭子;保持症状日记.
主要成果:
- 在34名参与者中,有18人感染了轻度至中度症状.
- 在空气 (25%),口罩 (43%),手 (27%) 和表面 (29%) 样本中检测到病毒RNA.
- 从口罩和表面中恢复了可行的SARS-CoV-2.
- 病毒排放与鼻病毒载量有更强的相关性;少数参与者占空气传播病毒的大部分.
- 大多数排放发生在症状发作或阳性抗原测试附近.
结论:
- 经过实验性SARS-CoV-2感染后的病毒排放模式是异质的,有个体的子集作为高排放者.
- 鼻子被认为是病毒排放的主要来源.
- 频繁的自我检测和症状出现时的隔离可以显著减少SARS-CoV-2的传播.
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