暴露于环境颗粒物与减少成年人的潜在收入有关
Lucien Swetschinski1, Kelvin C Fong2, Rachel Morello-Frosch3
1Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
Environmental research
|June 12, 2023
概括
儿童暴露于细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 与较低的成年收入有关. 改善空气质量可以提高收入,特别是低收入和农村儿童的收入,促进经济正义.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 空气污染的社会成本传统上集中在死亡率和医疗费用上.
- 新兴研究表明,空气污染会影响人力资本形成.
- 在发育过程中暴露会导致健康问题,阻碍学术和技能获取.
研究的目的:
- 评估儿童暴露于细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和成人收入之间的关联.
- 量化空气污染对收入的经济影响.
- 根据社会经济地位和环境,调查这个协会中的差异.
主要方法:
- 利用数据集追踪1979-1983年出生美国人的2014-2015年收入.
- 采用回归模型来分析美国人口普查区域的儿童PM2.5暴露.
- 考虑到经济共变量和区域随机效应.
主要成果:
- 早期的PM2.5暴露与成年期中期预测收入百分比较低有关.
- 高PM2.5区域 (第75个百分位) 的儿童的收入百分位比低PM2.5区域 (第25个百分位) 的儿童下降了0.51.
- 这意味着,如果满足空气质量标准,中等收入者每年收入将减少436美元,收入可能增加71.8亿美元.
结论:
- 儿童暴露于空气污染对长期经济结果产生负面影响.
- 在低收入和农村儿童中,PM2.5和收入减少之间的关联更为强烈.
- 空气质量差可能会阻碍代际经济流动,并加剧环境不公正.
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