花粉Endosperm19编码一种I类谷氨酸胺转移酶,会影响大米的谷物质量
Guangming Lou1, Pingli Chen2, Hao Zhou1
1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement
|June 13, 2023
概括
研究人员确定了一种基因,FLO19,对和饮食质量 (CEQ) 和外观至关重要. 一种特定的FLO19变种 (Hap2) 提高了CEQ和外观,为改善高产印加大米提供了目标.
科学领域:
- 植物遗传学 植物遗传学
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
背景情况:
- 米是全球的主食,消费者偏好受到外观和/饮食质量 (CEQ) 的严重影响.
- 改善大米的质量特征在经济上具有重要意义,因为优质品种的价格更高.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别控制面粉内的基因,一种影响大米质量的特征.
- 为了功能性地描述已识别的基因FLO19及其对大米质量和产量的作用.
- 为了确定FLO19中的遗传变异,以提高米质量.
主要方法:
- 全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 在533个米加入的多样化小组上.
- 基因编辑 (CRISPR-Cas9) 在候选基因LOC_Os03g48060 (FLO19) 中产生突变.
- 对突变表型,碳和代谢以及产量组件的分析.
- 对FLO19基因的哈普洛型分析.
主要成果:
- 一个候选基因,LOC_Os03g48060 (FLO19),编码一个谷氨胺转移酶,被确定.
- 由于破坏了碳和代谢,FLO19基因编辑导致粉状内精子突变 (flo19-1,flo19-2) 具有改变的CEQ.
- FLO19突变对植物生长产生了负面影响,通过减少谷物填充,减少了植物的高度和产量.
- 发现FLO19的一个特定的单元型 (Hap2) 可以提高CEQ和外观质量.
结论:
- FLO19基因在水碳/代谢,内的发育以及整体植物生长和产量方面发挥着关键作用.
- 准FLO19基因提供了一种策略,可以同时改善大米的食用/质量和外观.
- 鉴定出来的Hap2单元型为培育高品质,高产的印加大米品种提供了宝贵的遗传资源.
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