在中国新开发的小麦中,占主导地位的小麦异种染色体转位
Nan Wu1, Yanhong Lei1, Dan Pei2
1State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China.
Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement
|June 13, 2023
概括
T6VS·6AL转位是中国小麦育种中的关键遗传特征,提供粉状菌耐药性. 这项研究在中国小麦品种中绘制了其流行率和其他染色体变异的地图,揭示了区域差异.
科学领域:
- 植物遗传学和育种.
- 细胞遗传学 细胞遗传学
- 农业科学 农业科学
背景情况:
- 创始人小麦生产线对于改善中国小麦品种至关重要.
- 来自*Dasypyrum villosum*的T6VS·6AL转位因其粉状菌耐药性和其他有益基因而有价值.
- 了解染色体变异对于有效的小麦育种计划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述中国小麦中T6VS·6AL转位和其他染色体变异的分布和频率.
- 分析来自中国南部和北部的小麦品种的染色体构成.
- 为了识别不同的染色体变异,并促进在育种中利用特定的转位.
主要方法:
- 基核酸多重探针 (ONMP) - FISH核型定型被用于分析染色体构成.
- 该研究检查了6个T6VS·6AL供体系,32个衍生品种/系,233个随机采集的小麦品种和先进的育种系.
- 采用集群分析,根据已识别的染色体变异对品种进行分组.
主要成果:
- 在32个衍生品系中,T6VS·6AL转位被确定在27个,主要在中国南部.
- 在区域测试中,T6VS·6AL在中国南部最常见 (35.8%),而T1RS·1BL在中国北部最常见 (27.3%).
- 周心逆转 perInv 6B 是这两个地区的第二个最常见的变体,总共有167种多态染色体类型被确定.
结论:
- 在中国南部和北部的小麦群体之间存在显著的染色体差异.
- T6VS·6AL转位是中国南部小麦的主要变异.
- 详细识别具有特定转位的小麦系,如T6VS·6AL,有助于繁殖和特征发现.
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