环境对眼科疾病的影响:一个范围审查
Noah Heilenbach1, Galen Hu1, Ryan Lamrani2
1Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
Clinical & experimental ophthalmology
|June 13, 2023
概括
环境暴露,如空气污染和阳光照射,与各种眼睛疾病有关,包括白内障和黄斑变性. 了解这些环境对眼睛健康的影响对于预防和治疗策略至关重要.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 环境因素越来越多地被认为是各种眼睛病态发展的重要贡献者.
- 越来越多的证据表明,环境暴露与眼部健康结果之间存在强烈的相关性.
研究的目的:
- 综合现有已发表的关于环境因素对眼睛疾病发生率和进展的多方面的影响的研究.
- 为目前对眼科疾病环境影响的理解提供全面的概述.
主要方法:
- 在四个主要数据库中使用与环境暴露和眼科疾病相关的关键词进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括的研究经过了标题和摘要的严格选,随后进行了全文审查,数据提取和质量评估.
- 总共有118项研究符合本次审查的纳入标准.
主要成果:
- 空气污染物 (如二氧化,颗粒物,臭氧) 与各种眼部疾病有关,从角膜损伤到视网膜病变,如视网膜中枢动脉封闭.
- 暴露于特定的化学物质和金属,如,与与年龄相关的黄斑退行症的风险增加有关.
- 气候因素,包括暴露在阳光下,与白内障的发展有关,而地理位置 (农村与城市) 则会影响特定眼睛疾病的风险,如干眼和眼膜炎.
结论:
- 跨多个领域的环境暴露显然有助于广泛的眼科疾病.
- 这些发现凸显了对环境因素与整体眼睛健康之间的复杂相互作用进行持续研究的关键需求.
- 了解这些关联对于制定有针对性的公共卫生干预措施和预防眼睛疾病的预防措施至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:17Accessory Structures of the Eye
1.7K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
1.7K
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
633
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
633
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
6.1K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.1K
01:27Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
491
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
491
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
578
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
578