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相关概念视频

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

9.7K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
9.7K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

53.0K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
53.0K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

9.1K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.1K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

10.7K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.7K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

15.6K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
15.6K
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

12.0K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
12.0K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

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一个独特的mRNA破解复合体在试生体中.

Susanne Kramer1, Natalia Katarzyna Karolak2,3, Johanna Odenwald1

  • 1Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Nucleic acids research
|June 13, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

基因托普拉斯提达使用一种独特的切割复合物,包括ALPH1和XRNA,通过去除mRNA 5' cap来调节基因表达. 这个复合体定位在后极,与其他真核生物不同.

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Purification of Extracellular Trypanosomes, Including African, from Blood by Anion-Exchangers Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose Columns
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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

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Purification of Extracellular Trypanosomes, Including African, from Blood by Anion-Exchangers Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose Columns
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Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 基因规则 基因规则
  • 欧核生物基因表达的表达方式

背景情况:

  • 移除mRNA 5'帽子对于真核生物的基因表达调节至关重要.
  • 规范性分解酶Dcp2和外核酶Xrn1在opisthokonts中形成一个复合体.
  • 包括Trypanosoma brucei在内的Kinetoplastida缺乏Dcp2的正方体,并使用类似ApaH的酸酶ALPH1进行切割.

研究的目的:

  • 描述Kinetoplastida剪切复合物的组成和功能.
  • 研究ALPH1及其相关蛋白在mRNA切割和定位中的作用.
  • 了解Kinetoplastida和opisthokonts之间的脱皮机制的进化分歧.

主要方法:

  • 对于T. brucei ALPH1.1的体外二元化试验.
  • 在T. cruzi中捕获XRNA的亲和力,以识别相互作用的蛋白质.
  • 使用显微镜追踪蛋白质分布的细胞局部化研究.
  • 对功能角色的ALPH1N和C终端域的分析.

主要成果:

  • T. brucei ALPH1 在一个包括XRNA和四种Kinetoplastida特异性蛋白质的复合体内作为二聚体起作用.
  • ALPH1复合体表现出动态局部化到后部细胞结构.
  • ALPH1的N端对后极定位至关重要,而C端则调解二分化,相互作用和定位到RNA颗粒.
  • 与opisthokonts.onts.com相比,试管体剪切复杂的组成是独一无二的.

结论:

  • 围绕ALPH1和XRNA的Kinetoplastida脱落复合体,具有独特的组成和定位.
  • ALPH1终端的不同作用表明了切割和RNA颗粒结合的调节机制.
  • 这项研究突出了基因表达调节的独特进化路径在Kinetoplastida.