两个邻近的热带高山湖泊之间的食物网差异以及引入新顶级捕食者的影响
José Luis Jiménez-Seinos1, Javier Alcocer2, Dolors Planas3
1Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
PloS one
|June 13, 2023
概括
热带高山湖 (HMLs) 显示出不同的食物网. 在埃尔索尔湖引入的彩虹鱼创造了比没有鱼的拉卢纳更复杂的食物网,影响了热带动态.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 临界技术 临界技术
- 气候变化研究 气候变化研究
背景情况:
- 高山湖是全球气候变化的敏感指标.
- 食物网的结构和热量动力学揭示了生态系统对鱼类引入等生态威胁的反应.
- 与温带系统相比,热带HML食物网的研究不足.
研究的目的:
- 评估和比较墨西哥两个相邻的热带高山湖 (El Sol和La Luna) 的食物网.
- 评估引入的彩虹鱼对El Sol湖的食物网结构的影响.
- 了解鱼类入侵和没有鱼的湖泊之间的食物网复杂性和碳来源的差异.
主要方法:
- 稳定同位素分析 (δ13C和δ15N) 用于追踪碳路径.
- 使用贝叶斯混合模型,使用不同的热量歧视因子和先验.
- 分析了与湖泊特征和鱼类存在有关的热带动态和食物网结构.
主要成果:
- 埃尔索尔湖,有彩虹鱼,展现出比没有鱼的拉卢纳湖更复杂的食物网.
- 埃尔索尔的彩虹鱼大量捕食沿海的宏观无脊椎动物和海底动物浮游生物.
- 热带HML显示较高的物种丰富性和食草性,但较低的链接密度和食草性,与温带HML相比.
- 埃尔索尔的植被沿海区域支持了更多的中级食物营养水平 (泛食动物).
结论:
- 食物网分析有效地突出了高山湖泊生态系统中引入的鱼类对生态的影响.
- 彩虹鱼的存在显著改变了El Sol湖的食物网结构和食物链接.
- 湖泊大小,沿海区特征和碳来源的差异有助于热带HML中独特的食物网结构.
相关概念视频
Predator-Prey Interactions
16.3K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.3K
Threats to Biodiversity
22.5K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.5K
Trophic Efficiency
20.7K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
20.7K
Trophic Levels
31.0K
All organisms in an ecosystem occupy a trophic level in the food chain. The lowest level consists of primary producers, which synthesize their food from either solar or chemical energy. Each subsequent level obtains energy from the levels below. Detritivores can occupy any of the levels above primary producers.
31.0K
Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores
13.1K
Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
13.1K
Competition
21.8K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
21.8K


