相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

在室内环境中合成埃斯特水解的数值模拟

Do Young Maeng¹, V Faye McNeill^1,2

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.

Environmental science & technology

|June 13, 2023

概括

在潮湿的室内空间中,合成的水解释放出与病房综合征 (SBS) 相关的VOCs. 建模表明,这种水解本身并不能解释高水平的2-乙烯醇,但TMPD暴露在油漆中可能是令人担忧的.

科学领域:

环境化学环境化学
室内空气质量科学室内空气质量科学
大气化学建模大气化学建模

背景情况:

潮湿的室内环境有助于合成 (SE) 的水解,释放挥发性有机化合物 (VOC).
这些VOC与室内空气质量不佳和健康问题有关,称为病房综合征 (SBS).
了解SE水解的过程级机制对于减轻室内空气污染至关重要.

研究的目的:

适应和应用GAMMA大气化学盒模型来模拟室内表面膜中的SE水解.
根据各种情景,调查SE水解对室内空气质量的贡献.
评估与特定的SE水解产品相关的潜在健康风险.

主要方法:

多相大气化学盒模型的调整,GAMMA.
在表面膜中模拟SE水解,结合多层边界层质量转移和通风.
该模型应用于涉及SE水解的三个不同的场景.

主要成果:

来自PVC地板的DEHA和DEHP的性水解不足以解释SBS发作期间报告的2-乙烯醇水平.
在性表面的乳涂料中对TMPD的急性暴露可能在应用期间和应用后不久带来风险.
在水性薄膜中空气吸收后的SE水解不太可能产生大量与SBS相关的酒精.

结论:

该研究提供了在室内环境中对SE水解的过程级理解.
目前的模型表明,来自地板的SE水解并不是SBS中2-乙烯醇升高的唯一原因.
从涂料应用中暴露于TMPD需要进一步调查室内空气质量和健康影响.

关键词:

在GAMMA-CIE中.患病建筑综合征 (sick building syndrome) 是一种疾病.合成埃斯特的水解.挥发性有机化合物挥发性有机化合物

更多相关视频

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cell Membrane Biophysics - Exploring Interactions and Challenges Through Experimental and Computational Approaches

Published on: September 1, 2023

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

相关概念视频

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Saponification

Esters can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids under acidic or basic conditions. Base-promoted hydrolysis of esters is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which esters react with an aqueous base, followed by an acid to give carboxylic acids. This reaction is also known as saponification because it forms the basis for making soaps from fats.
The reaction requires a base in stoichiometric amounts, which participates in the reaction and is not regenerated later. So, the base acts as a...

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

Carboxylic Acids to Esters: Acid-Catalyzed (Fischer) Esterification Overview

The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids and alcohols in an acidic medium to give esters and water.

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...