在人类对不公平报价的反应中,社会偏好超过了情绪
Vincent Buskens1, Ingrid Kovacic2, Elwin Rutterkamp2
1Department of Sociology/ICS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. v.buskens@uu.nl.
Scientific reports
|June 13, 2023
概括
人们拒绝不公平的报价不是因为愤怒,而是为了维护社会偏好. 当不公平违反行为准则并对提出者产生后果,从而使公平恢复成为可能时,就会发生拒绝.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 人们往往拒绝不公平的报价,甚至以个人代价.
- 拒绝行为是有争议的:社会偏好与情绪反应对比.
- 了解基于公平性的拒绝的驱动因素至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查情绪与社会偏好在拒绝不公平报价中的作用.
- 在公平判断过程中检查生物物理和自我报告的情绪反应.
- 为了区分最后通游戏和有罪不罚游戏中的拒绝动机.
主要方法:
- 测量脑电图 (EEG) 和肌电图 (EMG) 对公平和不公平的报价的反应.
- 评估的特征是愤怒 (静止状态EEG),愤怒状态 (面部EMG) 和情绪预期 (与事件相关的EEG;MFN).
- 在最后通游戏 (提议者在拒绝时失去份额) 和有罪不罚游戏 (没有提议者损失) 中对应者行为进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在有罪不罚游戏中,尽管自我报道的愤怒增加,但拒绝率较低.
- 愤怒的面部表情 (眉) 并没有预测报价被拒绝.
- 在最后通游戏中,亲社会响应者在没有满足公平期望后更频繁地拒绝不公平的报价.
结论:
- 拒绝不公平的报价主要是由社会偏好驱动的,而不是愤怒.
- 拒绝的动机是违反行为准则,当拒绝对提议者产生后果时.
- 旨在恢复公平的社会偏好,在与公平相关的决策中取代了情绪反应.
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