热带多年作物和种植园树木中的基因组选择:一篇综述
Essubalew Getachew Seyum1,2, Ngalle Hermine Bille1, Wosene Gebreselassie Abtew2
1Department of Plant Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement
|June 14, 2023
概括
基因组选择 (GS) 通过提高特征准确性来加速作物改进,特别是在热带多年作物中. 未来的进步包括多omics和人工智能,以获得更大的遗传收益.
科学领域:
- 植物育种与遗传学
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 农业面临着气候变化和土壤退化等挑战,需要先进的育种策略.
- 基因组选择 (GS) 对于通过增加选择强度,缩短生成间隔和提高难以表型特征的准确性来改善定量特征至关重要.
- 热带多年作物和种植园树木对经济至关重要,由于它们的繁殖周期长,它们是GS研究的频繁对象.
研究的目的:
- 审查影响基因组选择准确性和热带多年作物和种植园树木预期遗传收益的因素.
- 讨论GS对长繁殖周期和有限选择强度的物种的重大影响.
- 探索基因组选择的未来前景和创新方法,以增强植物育种.
主要方法:
- 讨论影响GS准确性的因素:统计模型,链接不平衡,标记信息,人口相关性,训练人口规模和特征遗传性.
- 对热带多年作物和种植园树木的预期遗传收益的审查.
- 探索未来的GS前景,包括高通量表型化,现象选择,多组学和先进的统计模型.
主要成果:
- GS显著提高了定量特征的遗传改进,特别是在具有长代时间的物种中.
- 诸如统计模型,标记数据,人口结构和遗传性等因素极大地影响GS准确性.
- 未来的策略,如现象选择,多omics数据集成和人工智能驱动的建模,有望进一步改善遗传收益.
结论:
- 基因组选择是一种强大的工具,可以加速热带多年作物和种植园树木的遗传收益.
- 整合多种经济学,先进的统计方法和高通量表型化将推动下一代植物育种.
- 合作努力 (GS联盟) 对于利用这些可持续农业的机会至关重要.
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