神经发育障碍和智力障碍儿童的工作记忆训练,辅导的作用:双盲随机对照试验
S L Roording-Ragetlie1, S Pieters1,2, E Wennekers1
1Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR
|June 14, 2023
概括
工作记忆训练 (WMT) 在神经发育障碍 (NDD) 和轻度至边缘智力障碍 (MBID) 的儿童中显示出改善. 然而,在这项研究中,个性化教练并没有超过一般教练.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 工作记忆训练 (WMT) 显示了神经发育障碍 (NDD) 和轻度至边缘智力障碍 (MBID) 的潜力.
- 之前的WMT研究缺乏与安慰剂相比的益处的一致证据,通常使用非特定的辅导.
- 高强度和持续时间的WMT对患有NDD和MBID的儿童来说可能是压力.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查,如果一个不那么密集,长时间的WMT与个性化教练改善行为症状,神经认知功能,和NDD和MBID儿童的学术成就.
- 为了比较积极的,个性化的辅导与WMT中一般的,非个性化的辅导对这个人群的有效性.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项双盲随机对照试验,对儿童进行了随机对照试验 (年龄为1013岁),这些儿童被诊断为MBID (IQ 6085) 和ADHD和/或ASD.
- 参与者接受了8周的WMT (30分钟/天,4天/周),其中一组接受了积极的个性化教练 (n=18) 和另一组的一般教练 (n=22).
- 执行职能,学术成绩和行为措施在训练前和训练后被评估,并进行6个月的随访.
主要成果:
- 在所有结果指标中观察到时间的显著影响,这表明所有参与者的工作记忆,神经认知和学业表现的整体改善.
- 没有发现时间和群体之间的显著相互作用,这表明个性化辅导与一般辅导相比没有产生更好的结果.
结论:
- 在这种适应性WMT中,积极的个性化辅导并没有在MBID和NDD儿童的一般辅导中表现出优越的益处.
- 这项研究表明,与适应的练习和教练的一致,结构化的参与足以改善这些儿童的治疗忠诚度,动机和表现.
- 需要进一步的研究来确定这个异质人口中的特定子组,这些子组可能会从WMT中获益更多.
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