基础编辑和主要编辑:对于罕见和常见疾病的潜在治疗选择
Lauren C Testa1, Kiran Musunuru2
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
概括
基因编辑 (BE) 和主要编辑 (PE) 为遗传疾病提供了精确,安全的基因组编辑. 这些CRISPR-Cas9技术在没有双链断裂的情况下纠正致病变体,从而推进潜在的罕见疾病治疗方法.
科学领域:
- 遗传学和基因组学 在
- 生物技术是生物技术.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 遗传性疾病影响全球3.5亿人,构成了全球健康的重大挑战.
- 目前针对罕见疾病的治疗方法往往缺乏针对潜在分子原因的向治疗方法.
- 克里斯普尔-Cas9基因组编辑已经推进了遗传疾病研究,但安全问题仍然存在.
研究的目的:
- 提供基本编辑 (BE) 和主要编辑 (PE) 技术的概述.
- 将BE和PE与标准的CRISPR-Cas9基因组编辑进行比较.
- 突出BE和PE在遗传疾病中的治疗潜力.
主要方法:
- 审查基础编辑 (BE) 和主要编辑 (PE) 的结构和机制.
- 分析BE和PE在遗传疾病中的临床前和临床应用.
- 对BE和PE的体内编辑疗效,安全性和输送方法的评估.
主要成果:
- BE和PE是新的CRISPR-Cas9代,可以在没有双链断裂的情况下精确纠正致病变体.
- 这些技术显示出在临床前模型和人类患者中安全有效地在体内纠正疾病表型的潜力.
- 目前正在开发先进的输送方法,用于未来的BE和PE临床应用.
结论:
- 基编辑和主要编辑代表了遗传疾病的有希望的治疗策略.
- 与标准CRISPR-Cas9.9相比,避免双链断裂可以提高BE和PE的安全性.
- 进一步开发传递方法对于BE和PE疗法的临床转化至关重要.
相关概念视频
CRISPR
52.5K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
52.5K
RNA Editing
9.1K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
9.1K
Gene Therapy
25.6K
Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
25.6K
Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.7K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.7K
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
78
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
78
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
5.0K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.0K


