在氧化溶剂中增强金属氧化物的溶解 - - 面向离子电池浸中的应用
Henrique Bastos1, Nicolas Schaeffer2, Jennifer M Pringle1
1Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
ChemSusChem
|June 15, 2023
概括
从使用过的离子电池 (LIB) 中回收关键金属至关重要. 在基化溶剂中稀释HCl,特别是乙烯基醇,为溶解CO,Ni和Mn氧化物提供了一种更绿色,更有效的方法.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 使用过的离子电池 (LIB) 构成了越来越大的环境挑战.
- 当前的金属回收方法往往耗费大量能源,而且很危险.
- 需要更绿色,工业上适用的基于溶剂的LIB回收策略.
研究的目的:
- 研究在化溶剂中稀释HCl的有效性,用于从LIBs中溶解关键金属 (Co,Ni,Mn).
- 了解溶剂效应和复合物的形成在金属溶解中的作用.
- 开发一种更可持续,更有效的液体金工艺,用于LIB回收.
主要方法:
- 在各种化溶剂中对稀释盐酸 (HCl) 的系统研究.
- 对金属氧化物溶解效率的评估,重点关注Co,Ni和Mn.
- 优化溶剂组成,酸度和温度.
- 将优化的溶剂系统应用于实际的电池阴极材料.
主要成果:
- 乙烯基醇表现出卓越的性能,可溶解高达水性酸性介质的四倍以上的CO和Ni氧化物.
- 最佳条件在40°C的25%甘油/水中含有0.5M HCl,在减少酸和水的使用下实现高CO溶解 (0.27M).
- 对电池阴极材料的应用导致了Co和Mn的100%溶解,Ni的94%溶解.
- 对于电池阴极材料,确定了一种混合溶解机制.
结论:
- 在特定的基化溶剂中稀释HCl,如乙烯基醇和甘油混合物,为从LIBs中回收关键金属提供了有效和更绿色的替代方案.
- 与传统方法相比,这种方法减少了酸消耗,提高了原子效率.
- 这些发现支持开发用于LIB回收的优化,环保的工业水力金工艺.
相关概念视频
Extraction: Advanced Methods
497
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
497
Common Ion Effect
41.9K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
41.9K
Factors Affecting Solubility
33.6K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
33.6K
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques
398
Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
398
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction
3.0K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
3.0K
Formation of Complex Ions
23.8K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.8K


