COVID-19 腺病毒载体疫苗接种引起了强大的B细胞记忆反应,具有识别Omicron BA.2和BA.5变种的能力
Holly A Fryer1, Gemma E Hartley1, Emily S J Edwards1
1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Journal of clinical immunology
|June 15, 2023
概括
像ChAdOx1这样的腺病毒载体疫苗产生强大的免疫记忆B细胞 (Bmem),对于预防严重的COVID-19至关重要,即使与mRNA疫苗相比,抗体反应较低.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 包括腺病毒载体和mRNA类型在内的COVID-19疫苗已经减少了严重的疾病.
- 腺病毒载体疫苗的有效性与mRNA疫苗相比,尽管抗体标位较低.
- 免疫记忆细胞可能在预防严重的COVID-19中发挥关键作用.
研究的目的:
- 在ChAdOx1接种疫苗后评估SARS-CoV-2尖端受体结合域 (RBD) 特定抗体和记忆B细胞 (Bmem).
- 评估这些免疫反应对Omicron亚型的结合能力.
- 将ChAdOx1疫苗的反应与BNT162b2 mRNA疫苗接种引起的反应进行比较.
主要方法:
- 量化中和抗体 (NAb) 和血IgG针对SARS-CoV-2 RBD变体 (武汉-胡-1,三角形,BA.2,BA.5) 使用ELISA.
- 通过使用光四度仪的流细胞计,通过流细胞计识别RBD特异性的Bmem.
- 分析了31名成年人ChAdOx1疫苗接种前和后 (两剂) 的血液样本.
主要成果:
- 与BNT162b2.2.2相比,ChAdOx1疫苗接种引起的NAb和RBD特异性IgG水平明显较低.
- 血IgG对Omicron BA.2和BA.5的识别在ChAdOx1接受者中减少 (分别为武汉-胡-1识别的26%和17%).
- ChAdOx1诱导耐久的RBD特异性Bmem,数量与BNT162b2相比,第二剂后增强了对变体的识别 (37%为BA.2,39%为BA.5).
结论:
- 接种ChAdOx1疫苗会引起强大的免疫记忆B细胞反应.
- 这些记忆B细胞表现出与SARS-CoV-2变种的交叉反应,包括Omicron亚型.
- 免疫记忆,特别是Bmem,可能有助于ChAdOx1对严重COVID-19的保护效果.
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