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在冬季小麦中优化播种模式可以减少N₂O排放,并通过提高N吸收来提高谷物产量和NUE

Xiu Zhang¹, Manyu Liu^1,2, Feina Zheng¹

¹College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.

Frontiers in plant science

|June 16, 2023

概括

与传统钻井 (CD) 相比,宽带播种 (WB) 显著减少了氧化 (N₂O) 的排放,并提高了小麦产量和使用效率 (NUE). 这种方法提供了一种可持续的方法,可以增加粮食生产,同时缓解气候变化.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
环境科学环境科学
土壤科学土壤科学

背景情况:

全球小麦需求的增加需要增加 (N) 肥料投入.
增加的输入加剧了氧化 (N₂O) 排放,导致气候变化.
为了粮食安全和气候减缓,平衡高产量与减少N2O排放至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查播种模式 (传统钻井[CD]与宽带播种[WB]) 和 (N) 率对小麦N2O排放,产量和N使用效率 (NUE) 的影响.
为了确定WB播种是否可以减轻N₂O排放,同时保持或增加谷物产量.
分析播种模式,N率,N吸收,土壤N和N2O排放之间的关系.

主要方法:

实地试验是在两个生长季节 (2019-2020,2020-2021) 进行的.
应用了两个播种模式 (CD和WB) 和四个N速率 (0,168,240,312公斤/ha-1).
测量包括N₂O排放,N₂O排放因子 (EF),全球变暖潜力 (GWP),产量尺度N₂O排放,谷物产量,NUE,植物N吸收,以及土壤无机N.

主要成果:

播种模式和N速率的相互作用显著影响了N2O排放.
与CD相比,WB播种显著减少了所有测试的N率的累积N₂O排放,EFs,GWP和产量缩放的N₂O排放.
WB改善了植物N吸收和降低了土壤无机N,与减轻的N2O排放相关.
最高的谷物产量是WB和最高的N率 (312公斤/ha-1),与产量尺度N2O排放相当于本地管理 (CD在240公斤/ha-1).

结论:

宽带播种 (WB) 是一种有效的策略,可以同时降低N₂O排放并实现高小麦谷物产量.
WB提高了使用效率 (NUE) 和工厂N吸收,特别是在更高的N应用率下.
这种种植方法为可持续农业提供了一个有希望的方法,解决了粮食安全和气候变化问题.

关键词:

利率 N 率 N 是一个比率.排放N2O的排放量谷物产量谷物产量谷物产量植物N的摄取量N的摄取量土壤无机N度土壤无机N度宽带播种的播种方式冬季小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 是一种冬季小麦.

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