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年长的成年人比年轻的成年人恢复更多的边缘知识,并更有效地使用反:证据使用"我不知道"与"我不记得"用于一般知识问题
Sharda Umanath1, Talia E Barrett2, Stacy Kim2
1Department of Psychological Science, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States.
Frontiers in psychology
|June 16, 2023
概括
年长的成年人更好地区分不知道和不记住信息. 他们还更有效地利用反,并自发地恢复知识,特别是当反缺席时.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 超认知研究研究 超认知研究
背景情况:
- 超认知包括对自己知识和认知过程的意识.
- 区分不可访问和不可用的信息对于理解内存检索失败至关重要.
- 在元认知能力和知识检索方面,与年龄相关的差异已得到充分证实.
研究的目的:
- 在年长和年轻的成年人中,研究在知识不可用性和不可用性之间区分的元认知准确性.
- 检查反对跨年龄组的新学习和知识恢复的影响.
- 在记忆检索过程中对元认知监测和控制的年龄相关差异的探索.
主要方法:
- 三个实验涉及简短答案和多选项一般知识问题.
- 在检索失败时,参与者表示"我不知道" (DK) 或"我不记得" (DR).
- 操纵正确答案反和评估后续绩效和知识恢复.
主要成果:
- "不记得" (DR) 与可访问性故障相关,而"不知道" (DK) 表示可用性故障.
- 与年轻人相比,老年人更倾向于在最终测试中正确回答DK问题.
- 老年人更有效地利用正确答案反,并在没有反的情况下自发地恢复边缘知识.
结论:
- 在各个年龄组中,对检索失败原因的元认知意识保持不变.
- 老年人表现出增强的学习和知识恢复,特别是在利用反或缺少反时.
- 研究结果表明,老年人拥有更有效的策略来访问和恢复存储的,但暂时无法访问的知识.
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