[使用CRISPR/Cas系统改善作物:新的基因]
Y V Ukhatova1,2, M V Erastenkova1, E S Korshikova1
1Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia.
Molekuliarnaia biologiia
|June 16, 2023
概括
这项研究对CRISPR/Cas作物改进的目标基因进行了目录,揭示了287个基因被编辑为产量,质量和耐药性. 新的目标基因编辑正在扩大作物繁殖潜力.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- CRISPR/Cas系统对于作物基因组编辑至关重要,目标基因选择会影响产量,质量和抗压能力.
- 之前的审查涵盖了截至2019年8月的CRISPR/Cas应用程序.
- 本研究侧重于2019年8月至2022年3月培养植物的目标基因编辑方面的进展.
研究的目的:
- 通过CRISPR/Cas基因组编辑系统化和目录化用于改善栽培植物的目标基因.
- 分析新的目标基因的编辑及其对重要的繁殖特征的影响.
- 提供关于作物基因编辑近期进展的全面概述.
主要方法:
- 从2019年8月18日到2022年3月15日,对Scopus数据库中索引的文章进行系统审查.
- 在56种作物种中识别和分析基因编辑研究,重点关注28种成功编辑的作物种.
- 编辑了287个目标基因的目录,以改善作物特征.
主要成果:
- 在2090篇确定的文章中,685篇报告了28种作物物种的基因编辑.
- 136篇文章详细介绍了针对新型目标基因的编辑,旨在改善繁殖特征.
- 在小麦,大米,大豆,西红,马,菜,葡萄,玉米等转基因品种的显著扩张.
- 基因淘汰是最常见的编辑策略,越来越多地使用基编辑和核酸替代的主要编辑.
结论:
- 克里斯普尔/卡斯技术显著提升了作物分子遗传学,使得有针对性的改进成为可能.
- 编辑新的目标基因对于提高作物生产率,抗病能力和材料特性至关重要.
- 农细菌介导的转化仍然是主要的交付方法,基础和主要编辑获得了精确修改的引力.
更多相关视频
12:59High-throughput CRISPR Vector Construction and Characterization of DNA Modifications by Generation of Tomato Hairy Roots
Published on: April 30, 2016
18.0K
06:37Embryo Microinjection and Knockout Mutant Identification of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Edited Helicoverpa Armigera Hübner
Published on: July 1, 2021
4.5K
相关概念视频
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
78
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
78
CRISPR
52.5K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
52.5K
Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
19.5K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
19.5K
What is Genetic Engineering?
74.4K
Overview
74.4K
Transgenic Plants
7.3K
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
7.3K
CRISPR and crRNAs
17.1K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
17.1K
