结肠直肠癌免疫治疗中的事实和希望
Michael B Foote1, Guillem Argilés1, Benoit Rousseau1
1Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
概括
大多数结直肠癌是耐免疫治疗,由于一个宽容的微环境. 新型工程免疫疗法和生物标志物研究为治疗这些瘤的未来提供了希望.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 大肠直肠癌 (CRCs) 在很大程度上存在于耐受性微环境中,显示出低免疫性和对免疫疗法的反应不佳,特别是不匹配修复能力 (pMMR) 瘤.
- 目前将免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 与化疗相结合的策略在pMMRCRC中基本上失败了.
- 虽然一些研究表明,将检查点封锁与辐射或氨酸激酶抑制剂相结合有好处,但这些发现需要在随机试验中进行验证.
研究的目的:
- 审查结直肠癌免疫疗法的挑战和新兴策略,重点关注不匹配修复熟练的瘤.
- 突出下一代免疫疗法和翻译研究在克服治疗耐药性的潜力.
主要方法:
- 关于结直肠癌免疫学和免疫治疗的当前文献的综述.
- 对各种免疫疗法组合的治疗结果的分析.
- 讨论新兴的治疗方式和生物标志物研究.
主要成果:
- 不匹配修复缺陷 (dMMR) 的CRC是少数,对ICI敏感,与大多数pMMRCRC不同.
- 组合疗法 (ICI + 化疗,辐射或TKI) 显示出有限的成功或需要在pMMRCRC中进一步验证.
- 下一代疗法包括工程ICI,双特异性T细胞参与剂和CAR-T细胞显示出改善瘤免疫识别的潜力.
结论:
- 需要取得重大进展,以改善pMMR瘤的大多数结直肠癌患者的免疫治疗反应.
- 确定预测生物标志物和开发放大免疫反应的组合策略至关重要.
- 新兴的工程免疫疗法为有效结直肠癌治疗的新时代提供了希望.
相关概念视频
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
575
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
575
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.7K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.7K
01:30Cancer Vaccines
434
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
434
02:56Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.4K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.4K
02:49Cancer Therapies
7.8K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
7.8K
02:07Tumor Progression
6.4K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
6.4K