影响中国学龄前儿童自闭症谱系障碍适应性功能的认知适应性功能缺口和调解因素
Shi-Huan Wang1, Qing Zhou2, Kai-Yun Chen3
1Child Developmental and Behavioral Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China. wangshh53@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|June 16, 2023
概括
在患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和智商≥70的儿童中,智商适应性功能差距显著. 口头智商和早期运动发育预测适应能力,而不仅仅是智商 (IQ).
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿科心理学 儿科心理学
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特点是社会沟通的挑战和受限制的,重复性的行为.
- 了解认知能力 (IQ) 和适应性功能之间的关系对于ASD儿童的有效干预至关重要.
- 仅基于智商的"高功能自闭症"概念可能无法完全捕捉一个人的能力.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查认知功能 (口头和非口头智商) 与中国儿童患有自闭症的适应性功能之间的差异.
- 探索潜在的调解因素,包括自闭症严重程度,早期发育征兆和社会经济地位.
- 在这个人群中确定适应性功能的预测因素.
主要方法:
- 研究了一组151名被诊断患有ASD的儿童 (2.56岁).
- 参与者根据智商 (≥70和<70) 分为两组,并根据年龄和诊断年龄进行校准.
- 根据口头获取指数 (VAI),非语言指数 (NVI) 和第一次无助行走的年龄,分析了适应能力.
主要成果:
- 在ASD和智商≥70的儿童中,观察到智商和适应性功能之间的显著差距.
- 语言IQ (VAI) 与整体适应能力和特定领域正相关,而非语言IQ (NVI) 没有显著的相关性.
- 早期的运动发育,特别是第一次无助行走的年龄,独立预测的适应性技能.
结论:
- 仅仅通过智商来定义"高功能自闭症"是不够的,因为适应性功能可能会有很大的差异.
- 语言认知能力和早期运动里程碑是患有自闭症儿童适应性功能的重要预测因素.
- 干预措施应考虑比IQ更广泛的技能范围,以支持ASD儿童的适应性功能.
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