使用机器学习识别体重增加高风险的年轻人
Jacqueline A Murtha1, Jen Birstler2, Lily Stalter1
1Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
The Journal of surgical research
|June 17, 2023
概括
机器学习模型在预测年轻成年人体重增加方面表现出适度的准确性. 未来的模型可以通过包括行为或遗传数据来改进,以便更好地识别风险.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 肥胖问题研究研究
背景情况:
- 年轻成年人体重增加率的上升是一个重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 早期识别有风险的个体对于有效的干预至关重要.
- 超重和1级肥胖是这一人口群中普遍存在的疾病.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估基于电子健康记录的机器学习模型,用于预测年轻成年人显著体重增加 (体重≥10%).
- 为了确定这一群体中体重增加的关键预测因素.
主要方法:
- 评估了七种机器学习模型,包括回归,随机森林,神经网络,梯度增强决策树和支持向量机 (SVM).
- 预测因素包括人口统计,与肥胖相关的疾病,实验室数据,生命体征和邻里变量.
- 模型在一个大队列中进行了训练和验证,准确度以接收器运行特征曲线 (AUC) 下的面积来衡量.
主要成果:
- 该研究包括24,183名年轻成年人,其中14.2%的人在两年内增加了≥10%的总体重.
- 模型性能各不相同,梯度增强的决策树达到最高的AUC (0.675).
- 在大多数模型中,人口统计 (年龄,性别) 和基线体重指数是重要的预测因素.
结论:
- 开发的机器学习模型在识别有明显体重增加风险的年轻人方面表现出适度的准确性.
- 改进未来的预测模型可能需要整合行为和遗传数据.
- 这些发现凸显了基于EHR的机器学习对预防肥胖的公共卫生倡议的潜力.
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