在不确定的环境下群体偏见:第三方惩罚的视角
Haibo Yang1, Yankai Zhang1, Yanru Lyu1
1School of Educational Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Applied Cognition & Personality, Minnan Normal University, Zhanzhou, Fujian, 363000, China.
Acta psychologica
|June 17, 2023
概括
在不确定的环境中,第三方惩罚 (TPP) 加强,有利于集团成员. 本研究探讨了环境模糊性和群体归属如何影响TPP,揭示了群体内偏好 (IGF) 和群体外豁免 (OGD) 的条件.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 游戏理论 游戏理论
背景情况:
- 第三方惩罚 (TPP) 维护社会合作和规范,公平往往指导决策.
- 在群体间的背景下,群体内偏好 (IGF) 和黑羊效应 (BSE) 出现.
- 环境的不确定性可能会破坏公平的作用,可能会放大像IGF这样的偏见.
研究的目的:
- 调查环境不确定性如何影响TPP和集团间偏见.
- 测试假设,在不确定的环境中模两可的社会规范加强IGF.
- 检查集团归属,环境不确定性和TPP结果之间的相互作用 (IGF与BSE/OGD).
主要方法:
- 一个常用资源困境 (CRD) 游戏被用来模拟某些 (固定的500令牌) 和不确定的 (300-700令牌) 环境.
- 通过第三方和玩家之间的校友关系来操纵团队的归属.
- 在不同的环境确定性和团体归属条件下,分析了第三方惩罚决定.
主要成果:
- 不确定的环境导致了增加昂贵的惩罚.
- 这项研究证实了群体内偏好 (IGF) 与黑羊效应 (BSE) 相比.
- 根据规范违规的严重程度和性别确定了IGF和异组豁免 (OGD) 的边界条件.
结论:
- 环境的不确定性加剧了对第三方的惩罚,并促进了群体内偏.
- 违反规范的严重程度和第三方性别缓和了跨群体偏见的表达 (IGF与OGD).
- 调查结果强调了TPP在应对不确定性和群体动态下的社会复杂性方面的适应性作用.
相关概念视频
In- and Out-Groups
39.1K
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
39.1K
Fundamental Attribution Error
12.9K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.9K
The Stanford Prison Experiment
23.3K
The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.
23.3K
Punishment
265
Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior....
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior....
265
Milgram's Obedience to Authority
6.4K
Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”
6.4K
Groupthink
44.5K
When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
44.5K


