非住院的老年人中低摄入量脱水的患病率:系统性审查和元分析
Ellice Parkinson1, Lee Hooper2, Judith Fynn2
1School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|June 17, 2023
概括
大约24%的老年人经历了低摄入量脱水,这种情况与严重的健康问题有关. 这种患病率突显出迫切需要采取干预措施,改善这种脆弱人群的液体摄入量.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 老年人低摄入量脱水是一个重大问题,与增加的死亡率,慢性疾病和住院治疗有关.
- 这种人群中脱水的确切患病率和风险组尚不清楚.
- 了解脱水患病率对于制定有针对性的公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和对老年人低摄入量脱水的患病率进行元分析.
- 确定最容易脱水的老年人特定子组.
- 通过使用可靠的方法来提供可靠的脱水患病率估计.
主要方法:
- 对多个数据库 (Medline,Cochrane,Embase,CINAHL,Proquest) 进行了全面的系统搜索.
- 包括评估65岁及以上非住院患者用血清/血度或24小时液体摄入量评估水分状态的研究.
- 数据提取和偏差风险评估是独立地重复进行的,并应用了质量效应元分析.
主要成果:
- 对61项研究 (22,398名参与者) 的元分析估计,老年人脱水的患病率为24% (使用直接测量的度>300mOsm/kg).
- 在长期护理居民 (34%) 和那些有先前存在的疾病 (37%) 中观察到更高的患病率.
- 虽然没有统计学意义,但趋势表明功能障碍患者的脱水率较高.
结论:
- 据估计,四分之一的非住院老年人患有低摄入量脱水.
- 在不同研究和环境 (长期护理与社区) 中,患病率差异很大,这表明脱水是可以预防的.
- 对饮酒行为和干预有效性的进一步研究是必不可少的.
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