侧边和半径是否会影响训练有素的短跑者和团队运动员在曲线短跑时?
Jonathan White1, Cassie Wilson2, Hans von Lieres Und Wilkau3
1School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Journal of sports sciences
|June 18, 2023
概括
短跑者在曲面轨道上表现出较短的地面接触时间 (GCT),而不是平面轨道,通过增加步骤长度提高速度. 这凸显了曲冲刺需要专门培训的必要性.
科学领域:
- 生物力学 生物力学
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 竞技表现运动员的表现
背景情况:
- 运动员在曲线赛道上冲刺时使用不同的生物力学策略.
- 了解这些适应对于优化室内田径等比赛的表现至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同轨道状况 (斜面与平面,内侧与外侧车道) 对冲刺步骤特征的短期影响.
- 为了比较短跑运动员和团队体育运动员之间的反应.
主要方法:
- 八名短跑者和八名团队运动员在四个条件下进行了80米短跑:二号车道斜坡 (L2B),四号车道斜坡 (L4B),二号车道平坦 (L2F) 和四号车道平坦 (L4F).
- 分析了关键的动力学变量,包括步速 (SV),地面接触时间 (GCT),步长 (SL) 和步频 (SF).
主要成果:
- 两组在各种条件下都显示出相似的步骤速度 (SV) 变化.
- 短跑者表现出明显更短的地面接触时间 (GCT),而不是球队运动运动员在曲的轨道上 (L2B,L4B).
- 在这两组中,平面轨道上的步骤速度 (SV) 与斜面轨道相比较低,主要是由于步骤长度 (SL) 减少.
结论:
- 银行条件似乎通过增加步骤长度 (SL),而不是步骤频率 (SF) 来提高冲刺速度 (SV).
- 短跑者在形条件下较短的地面接触时间 (GCT) 表明需要模仿室内竞争环境的特殊训练.
- 这些发现强调了曲短跑专业化训练的重要性,以提高运动员的表现.
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