添加感官噪声对认知的影响
Sage O Sherman1, Maya Greenstein1, Mathias Basner2
1Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.
Frontiers in human neuroscience
|June 19, 2023
概括
增加噪音,称为随机共振,对于大多数人来说,并不能大大改善认知能力. 然而,有些人可能会体验到认知上的好处,这可能是因为他们更喜欢杂的环境.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 感官感知是一种感官感知.
- 人类因素 人类因素
背景情况:
- 随机共振 (SR) 是一种现象,添加噪声可以增强弱信号的吞吐量.
- 虽然众所周知SR可以改善感官感知,但它对更高层次的认知功能 (如工作记忆和一般认知) 的影响仍然不太清楚.
- 关于SR对认知的影响的先前研究是有限的,需要进一步研究其更广泛的适用性.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究听觉白噪声 (AWN) 和噪声状前庭刺激 (nGVS) 对认知表现的影响.
- 为了确定随机共振是否可以在各种任务中广泛增强认知功能.
- 探索对噪音认知反应的个体差异以及环境噪音偏好的潜在作用.
主要方法:
- 用认知测试电池 (CTB) 测量了13名受试者的认知表现,分别完成7项任务.
- 参与者在有或没有AWN,GVS和两种刺激同时应用的条件下完成任务.
- 认知性能指标包括速度,准确性和效率,并补充了关于噪音环境偏好的主观问卷.
主要成果:
- 在一般人群中没有观察到认知表现的广泛改善 (p > 0.1).
- 发现受试者与噪声条件之间存在显著的准确性相互作用 (p = 0.023),表明响应的个体变化.
- 噪音环境偏好显示出预测SR认知益处的趋势,显著预测效率 (p = 0.048).
结论:
- 添加性感官噪声的应用以诱导用于认知增强的随机共振并非在广泛的人群中普遍有效.
- 个体差异显著影响噪音的认知效应,这表明可能需要个性化方法.
- 对杂环境的主观偏好可能成为识别对SR诱导认知益处敏感的个体的潜在指标,这需要进一步研究.
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