新英格兰沿海海洋生态系统的历史性热带性衰退
Madison S Willert1,2, Christine A M France3, Carole C Baldwin2
1School of Biological Sciences and Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0230, USA.
Oecologia
|June 19, 2023
概括
过度捕捞已经简化了海洋食物网. 对博物馆标本的稳同位素分析显示,在过去的一个世纪里,黑海鱼和鱼的食用位置有显著的下降.
科学领域:
- 海洋生态海洋生态学
- 渔业 科学 渔业 科学
- 稳定的同位素生态学
背景情况:
- 全球过度捕捞简化了海洋食物网,改变了食物模式和社区结构.
- 西北大西洋有着密集捕捞的历史,包括破坏性的底部和移动具捕捞在上个世纪.
- 收获物种的营养功能和位置的变化会影响生态系统的整体健康.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估过去一个世纪沿海新英格兰消费者的食量位置的变化.
- 评估渔业对海洋食物网结构的长期影响.
- 利用博物馆标本和现代样本进行历史生态分析.
主要方法:
- 对博物馆 (1950年以前) 和现代 (2021年) 黑海 (Centropristis striata) 和 (Stenotomus chrysops) 标本的组织进行了稳定同位素分析.
- 保存溶剂对稳定同位素的影响被证实是可以忽略不计.
- 对历史样本和当代样本进行了对比,以量化随时间的变化.
主要成果:
- 从1950年到2021年,黑海鱼和黑海鱼的热量位置都显著下降,从1950年以前到2021年.
- 黑海鱼经历了近一个完整的奖杯水平的下降.
- 缩量下降了一半的热带水平,现在两种物种都占据了相似的热带位置.
结论:
- 历史上过度捕捞和破坏性渔业实践导致了海洋食物网的简化和食物网复杂性的减少.
- 在物种内部,食物位的变化可能对社区结构和功能产生级联影响.
- 对于长期的生态变化研究来说,自然历史收藏是无价的,稳定同位素分析可以量化渔业对生态系统的影响.
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