科学化还是参数化? 在中国国有林业农场的改革中,哪个系统对环境保护更有利?
1College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
概括
参数管理 (2015年政策) 有效地促进了中国的森林植被,与科学化 (2011年政策) 不同. 参数式方法可以制腐败和财政压力,但激励广泛参与仍然是一个挑战.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 自然资源管理自然资源管理
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 自然资源管理通常涉及政府领导 (科学化) 或基层参与 (参数化).
- 中国国有林业农场 (SSF) 在2011年 (科学化) 和2015年 (参数化) 进行了政策改革.
- 这些改革为比较环境保护方面的制度安排提供了一个案例研究.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较中国SSF科学化 (2011年政策) 和参数化 (2015年政策) 的环境保护效应.
- 分析这些政策影响环境保护的机制.
- 评估政策在激励多个代理参与保护投资方面的有效性.
主要方法:
- 差异差异 (DID) 和主要组件差异差异差异 (PCDID) 的实证策略.
- 对2006年至2018年期间中国各省份数据的分析.
- 审查政策对新造林和投资行为的影响.
主要成果:
- 2015年的政策显著增加了新造林,平均增加了0.903个单位.
- 2011年的政策没有显著影响到植树.
- 2015年政策的影响路径包括制腐败 (20.49%),缓解财政压力 (14.17%),刺激创新 (33.55%).
结论:
- 参数管理在自然资源管理方面比科学管理更有效,尽管存在局限性.
- 2015年的政策虽然促进了植树,但并没有有效地激励广泛的投资参与.
- 优先考虑SSF中封闭森林土地的参数管理;谨慎地接近基层参与开放森林土地项目.
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