在大脑皮层追踪人口层面结构不对称的发展和寿命变化
James M Roe1, Didac Vidal-Pineiro1, Inge K Amlien1
1Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
eLife
|June 19, 2023
概括
大脑皮层不对称,无论是面积还是厚度,在整个生命中都会有不同的发展. 虽然面积不对称性是稳定且受遗传影响的,但厚度不对称性在童年和成年时出现,显示出较少的遗传影响.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类大脑发育 人类大脑发育
- 皮层解剖学 皮层解剖学
背景情况:
- 皮层不对称性是大脑的一个基本特征,但它在人类一生中的发展轨迹仍然不太清楚.
- 了解皮层不对称性的时间和影响 (遗传与环境) 对于识别神经发育变化至关重要.
- 关于定义和测量人类皮质不对称性的共识是必要的,以研究它们的发展.
研究的目的:
- 为了绘制人口层面的皮质不对称度在厚度和整个寿命的表面积.
- 研究这些不对称的发展轨迹,从童年到老年.
- 检查皮质不对称的遗传和表型基础及其与认知能力,手性和性别的关系.
主要方法:
- 来自七个独立数据集的顶点智能皮质厚度和表面积数据的分析.
- 在一个广泛的年龄范围 (4-89岁) 中对不对称的纵向跟踪,其中纵向成分很大 (70%).
- 评估遗传性 (基于SNP) 和面积和厚度不对称性之间的相关性,以及与认知,手性和性别数据的关联.
主要成果:
- 皮层不对称性模式是强大的,可以在数据集中复制.
- 面积不对称性在整个生命中基本保持稳定,而厚度不对称性在童年期间增加,并在成年早期达到顶峰.
- 区域不对称性显示出低至中等的遗传性 (最大h2SNP~19%) 和区域遗传相关性,表明协调的遗传影响. 厚度不对称性表现出全球的相互关系和低/不存在的遗传性.
- 在一个关键的横向区域减少区域不对称性与略低的认知能力相关. 证实了使用手和性行为的小影响.
结论:
- 区域不对称性在发育上是稳定的,可能是通过遗传和随机因素早期建立的.
- 厚度不对称是由童年和成年早期的发育成长形成的,这有助于全球厚度横向化的人口变化.
- 独特的发育途径和遗传影响是面积与厚度皮层不对称的基础.
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