尼古丁替代疗法用于戒烟的不同剂量,持续时间和输送方式
Annika Theodoulou1, Samantha C Chepkin2, Weiyu Ye3
1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|June 19, 2023
概括
与单个形式相比,组合尼古丁替代疗法 (NRT) 显著增加了戒烟成功率. 不同的NRT剂量和戒烟前使用显示出不同的有效性,安全性数据有限.
科学领域:
- 药理学和成科学 药理学和成科学
- 临床试验分析
- 公共卫生干预措施 公共卫生干预措施
背景情况:
- 尼古丁替代疗法 (NRT) 是戒烟的基石,有助于尼古丁替代减少戒烟和渴望.
- 虽然NRT对长期戒断的疗效已经确立,但不同形式,剂量,持续时间和时间的最佳使用仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估各种NRT配方,输送方法,剂量,治疗持续时间和戒烟时间表的有效性和安全性.
- 将不同的NRT策略相互比较,以确定长期戒烟的最佳方法.
主要方法:
- 对柯克伦烟草成小组试验注册进行了全面搜索,确定了比较NRT干预的随机对照试验 (RCT).
- 研究包括参与者被激励戒烟,随访至少六个月,重点关注戒烟结果.
- 抽取和分析了吸烟戒断,心脏不良事件 (AEs),严重不良事件 (SAEs) 和治疗中止的数据.
主要成果:
- 高确定性证据表明,组合NRT (快速起作用加补丁) 产生的长期戒烟率高于单一形式的NRT (RR 1.27).
- 中等确定性证据表明,更高剂量的尼古丁贴片 (例如21毫克 vs. 14毫克) 和潜在的16小时贴片 (25毫克 vs. 15毫克) 更有效.
- 预装NRT (在戒烟日之前使用) 对戒断产生了有利的影响 (中等确定性),而快速起作用的NRT和尼古丁贴片显示出类似的戒烟率 (高确定性).
结论:
- 结合NRT和更高剂量的尼古丁口香 (4mg与2mg相比) 显著提高戒烟成功率.
- 关于贴片剂量和戒烟前NRT使用的证据表明潜在的益处,尽管需要进一步的研究才能得出明确的结论.
- 跨NRT类型的比较安全性和耐受性数据有限,突出需要在未来的研究中对不良事件进行标准化报告.
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