在乌干达六家医院开发和评估抗菌药物管理的持续质量改进计划
Reuben Kiggundu1, J P Waswa1, Hilma N Nakambale2
1USAID Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) Program, Management Sciences for Health, Kampala, Uganda.
BMJ open quality
|June 19, 2023
概括
乌干达医院的抗菌管理 (AMS) 干预措施改善了尿路感染 (UTIs) 和上呼吸道感染 (URTIs) 的适当抗生素使用. 持续质量改进 (CQI) 方法导致抗菌素处方和治疗持续时间的显著减少.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 适当的抗微生物药物使用对于有效的抗微生物药物管理 (AMS) 是至关重要的.
- 乌干达医院正在实施改善抗生素使用的倡议,但这些努力的记录和评估是有限的.
- 需要评估AMS计划在资源有限的环境中的影响.
研究的目的:
- 在乌干达六家医院实施和评估抗微生物管理 (AMS) 干预措施.
- 评估这些干预措施对尿路感染 (UTI),上呼吸道感染 (URTI) 和外科抗生素预防 (SAP) 的抗生素处方模式的影响.
- 在世卫组织AMS工具包框架内利用持续质量改进 (CQI) 技术.
主要方法:
- 乌干达六家医院在2019年6月至2022年7月期间使用世卫组织的AMS工具包和CQI技术实施了AMS计划.
- 干预侧重于UTI,URTI和SAP,包括培训,指导和临床指南.
- 每季度进行抗生素使用调查,以监测处方做法.
主要成果:
- 对于尿路感染,接受一种抗生素的患者比例从48%增加到73.2% (p<0.01),每位患者抗菌剂减少了19.2% (p<0.01).
- 对于URTI,没有接受抗微生物药物的患者比例从26.3%增加到53.4% (p<0.01),平均每位患者抗微生物药物减少了20.7% (p<0.001) 和治疗日减少 (p=0.0163).
- 手术抗生素预防 (SAP) 的使用保持稳定,有49.5%的患者接受了干预前,50.5%在干预阶段.
结论:
- 持续质量改进 (CQI) 方法有效地针对不适当使用抗生素的特定原因.
- 这些干预措施导致乌干达医院对URTI和UTI的抗生素使用总体减少.
- 该研究表明,在资源有限的环境中实施AMS计划的可行性和积极影响.
相关概念视频
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
2.7K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
2.7K
Antimicrobial Effectiveness
98
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
98
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
16
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
16
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test
61
A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
61
Development of Antibiotic Resistance
48
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
48
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
214
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
214


