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在岩石系外行星TRAPPIST-1 c上没有厚厚的二氧化碳大气
Sebastian Zieba1,2, Laura Kreidberg3, Elsa Ducrot4
1Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, Germany. zieba@mpia.de.
Nature
|June 19, 2023
概括
詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜 (JWST) 发现,TRAPPIST-1c的表面很可能是裸露的岩石,而不是厚厚的二氧化碳大气. 这表明TRAPPIST-1系统中的行星可能是用有限的水形成的.
科学领域:
- 外行星科学
- 大气的特征
- 天体生物学
背景情况:
- TRAPPIST-1系有七颗岩石系外行星, 是大气研究的主要目标.
- 詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜 (JWST) 能够在小系外行星上检测到大气成分,如二氧化碳 (CO2).
- 之前的JWST观测表明,TRAPPIST-1b可能是一个没有大气层的光岩.
研究的目的:
- 使用JWST检测TRAPPIST-1c系外行星日边的热辐射.
- 限制TRAPPIST-1c的大气组成和特性.
- 推断TRAPPIST-1c的形成历史和挥发性含量.
主要方法:
- 在波长为15μm的JWST中红外仪器 (MIRI) 观测TRAPPIST-1c.
- 测量行星对恒星的流量比率 (fp/f).
- 日边亮度温度的计算和与大气模型的比较.
主要成果:
- 从TRAPPIST-1c的白天侧探测到的热辐射,其亮度温度为380 ± 31K.
- 这种温度不适合厚厚的,富含二氧化碳的大气.
- 没有云的O2/CO2混合物和具有硫酸云的金星类似大气被排除在外.
- 一个裸露的岩石表面或薄的气氛与数据一致.
结论:
- TRAPPIST-1c可能具有薄薄的大气层或裸露的岩石表面,缺乏大量的二氧化碳大气层.
- 据推测,这个星球的形成历史不到地球海洋水的0.01%.
- 如果适用于整个系统,这意味着可能适合居住的TRAPPIST-1行星的挥发性储备有限.
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