变暖,干旱和干扰导致功能组成的变化:对亚马逊和安第斯地区的千年规模分析
Masha T van der Sande1, Mark B Bush2, Christine M Åkesson2
1Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Global change biology
|June 20, 2023
概括
由于气候变化和干扰,热带森林正在转移. 温度升高和干扰增加有利于生长更快,适应干扰的物种,可能导致低地森林较短,高地森林较高.
科学领域:
- 古植物学是古植物学.
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候科学 气候科学
背景情况:
- 热带森林在物种组成和生产力方面正在发生重大变化.
- 这些变化背后的精确机制和驱动因素,包括气候和干扰影响,尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 研究气候和干扰对热带森林功能特征的长期 (1万年) 影响.
- 评估温度,降水,厄尔尼诺现象频率和火灾的变化如何影响社区层面的特征,如高度,叶面积,种子质量和木材密度.
主要方法:
- 利用功能性特征方法与来自八个低地和高地森林遗址的化石花粉记录相结合.
- 综合气候代理 (温度,降雨,厄尔尼诺) 和干扰代理 (火灾,一般干扰) 具有植物功能特征.
主要成果:
- 温度和干扰被确定为热带森林功能特征变化的主要驱动因素.
- 增加水的可用性促进了收购特征 (大叶,软木).
- 温暖的气候导致低地森林的高度下降 (由于水压),但高地森林的高度增加 (由于物种迁移).
- 干扰有利于具有快速殖民和生长特征的种类 (小种子,大叶,软木).
- 火灾在低地产生了较小的影响,但在高地促进了应激适应和快速生长的物种.
结论:
- 未来的全球变化可能会使热带森林转向更短,更有弹性的低地森林和更高的高地森林.
- 特定地点的分析揭示了厄尔尼诺现象和火灾影响的复杂性,这表明区域模式可能无法准确预测当地变化.
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