主体物种对宿主-寄生虫相互作用的热不匹配的差异
Katherine H Malinski1, Clyde E Sorenson2, M Elizabeth Moore3
1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
The Journal of experimental biology
|June 20, 2023
概括
极端的热量会影响昆虫的相互作用. 高温杀死寄生虫,但允许一些宿主,如Manduca quinquemaculata,从寄生主义中恢复,改变生态结果.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
- 昆虫生态学 昆虫生态学
背景情况:
- 气候变化引起的极端高温直接影响物种并改变物种相互作用.
- 宿主-寄生虫系统对温度变化敏感,这是由于物种之间的热耐受性不同.
- 了解这些相互作用对于预测变暖条件下的生态结果至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究极高温度对Cotesia congregata和两个Manduca物种 (M. sexta和M. quinquemaculata) 之间的宿主-寄生虫相互作用的影响.
- 确定热不匹配如何影响寄生虫死亡率和宿主发育.
- 评估物种特异性差异的热耐受性和从寄生虫的发育恢复.
主要方法:
- 将Cotesia congregata寄生虫及其宿主 (Manduca sexta和M. quinquemaculata) 暴露在极高的温度下.
- 监测寄生虫死亡率和宿主发育中断或恢复.
- 在高温下比较宿主生长和发展速度,有或没有寄生虫.
主要成果:
- 这两种Manduca宿主物种都比Cotesia寄生虫具有更高的耐热性,导致寄生虫在极端高温下死亡.
- 极端的温度导致一些宿主从寄生症中部分恢复发育,M. quinquemaculata更常见于M. sexta.
- 与M. sexta相比,M. quinquemaculata在高温下表现出更快的生长和更大的尺寸,即使没有寄生.
结论:
- 同源物种可以表现出不同的温度和寄生反应,导致生态结果的改变.
- 宿主和寄生虫之间的热不匹配可以改变宿主-寄生虫相互作用中的力量平衡.
- 对气候变化压力因素的不同物种特定反应对于预测未来的生态动态至关重要.
相关概念视频
00:58Symbiosis
29.0K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
29.0K
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.3K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.3K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.6K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.6K
01:17What is a Species?
44.3K
Overview
44.3K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
22.1K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.1K
02:29Hybrid Zones
17.2K
Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
17.2K