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海豚在预期重复的冲动性噪音暴露时,会降低听力敏感度

James J Finneran¹, Carolyn E Schlundt², Victoria Bowman³

¹U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific Code 56710, 53560 Hull Street, San Diego, California 92152, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|June 20, 2023

概括

海豚似乎通过暂时降低他们的听觉灵敏度来预测大噪声. 这种听觉稳定状态响应 (ASSR) 调整表明一种学习的行为,以减轻冲动噪声的影响.

科学领域:

海洋生物学海洋生物学
生物声学是一种生物声学.
动物行为动物行为

背景情况:

海洋哺乳动物面临着人类活动带来的噪音污染日益增加.
了解听力系统对冲动噪声的反应对于保护至关重要.
审计稳定状态响应 (ASSR) 是审计灵敏度的一个关键指标.

研究的目的:

为了调查玻璃鼻海豚是否在预期冲动噪音时调整他们的听觉灵敏度.
为了将头部运动与暴露在噪音中的听觉系统功能变化相关联.

主要方法:

持续测量两个瓶鼻海豚的听觉平稳状态响应 (ASSR).
使用地震气炮在10秒间隔生成的冲动噪声.
从脑电图中提取的ASSR振幅,使用一个移动窗口中的连贯平均值.

主要成果:

在空气炮脉冲之间观察到ASSR振幅的下降.
在每次冲动后,ASSR振幅的增加立即发生.
在没有冲动噪声的对照试验中,这些模式不存在.

结论:

海豚在冲动噪音之前表现出听力灵敏度的学习预期性降低.
这表明一种行为适应,以尽量减少可预测噪音对听觉的影响.
这种听力调整的确切生理机制仍未确定.

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