吸烟的黑人成年人的治疗反应为戒烟的多种药物治疗适应:随机临床试验
Nicole L Nollen1, Jasjit S Ahluwalia2, Matthew S Mayo3
1Department of Population Health and the University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City.
JAMA network open
|June 20, 2023
概括
与标准护理相比,调整戒烟药物并没有显著改善黑人成年人的戒烟率. 然而,早期治疗反应强烈预测了戒烟的长期成功.
科学领域:
- 临床医学 临床医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
背景情况:
- 戒烟药物适应有希望,但缺乏对少数群体的测试.
- 黑人成年人经历了不成比例的吸烟相关的发病率和死亡率.
- 定制戒烟药物治疗对于解决健康差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估每天吸烟的黑人成年人的多种戒烟药物治疗适应的疗效.
- 将适应治疗 (ADT) 与戒烟的增强常规护理 (UC) 进行比较.
- 评估治疗反应作为戒断的预测指标.
主要方法:
- 随机临床试验涉及每天吸烟的非西班牙裔黑人成年人.
- ADT组接受了尼古丁贴片 (NP),最多有两种适应 (瓦里尼克林,然后布洛普+NP).
- 在整个治疗过程中,UC组都接受了NP;两组都进行了26周的随访.
主要成果:
- 在12周,18周或26周的ADT和UC之间,验证的戒断率没有显著差异.
- 在第二周实现戒断的参与者,持续戒断的几率显著增加 (4.6倍).
- 早期治疗反应成为成功戒烟的关键预测因素.
结论:
- 与NP单一治疗相比,适应的药物治疗并没有显著改善黑人成年人戒烟率.
- 对戒烟治疗的早期反应是长期成功的关键因素.
- 基于早期治疗反应的预防性干预措施的进一步研究是有必要的.
相关概念视频
01:28Drug Therapy
74
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Antianxiety Medications
74
01:29Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
2.6K
Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Smoking Cessation
2.6K
01:23Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents
280
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
280
01:26COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
255
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
255
01:17Drug Dependence
1.1K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.1K
01:23Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants
1.4K
Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
1.4K