对于语义关系的敏感性在美国单语言英语说话的典型说话者和迟说话者中
Philip R Curtis1, Ryne Estabrook2, Megan Y Roberts1
1Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
概括
语言发育迟缓的儿童 (迟说话者) 与典型的说话者类似地理解单词的含义. 这项研究表明,晚说话的人在语言理解过程中,在他们的感受词汇中激活语义关系.
科学领域:
- 儿童语言发展 儿童语言发展
- 发展心理语言学
- 语音和听力科学 语音和听力科学
背景情况:
- 迟说话者 (LTs) 在没有已知的原因的情况下表现出语言发育的延迟,通常具有较小的表达词汇.
- 了解LTs对语义关系的处理对于理解他们的语言发展至关重要.
- 这项研究研究了LTs新兴词汇中的语义处理.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较2岁的LTs和典型的说话者 (TTs) 早期获得的单词之间的语义关系的敏感性.
- 评估LTs对语义关系的实时语言理解.
- 为了研究语义关系的编码在LTs的接收词汇.
主要方法:
- 在美国,单语言英语使用的LTs (n=21) 和TTs (n=24) 进行了观察与倾听的眼睛追踪任务.
- 孩子们在听到目标单词或语义上相关的单词时看了两个图像.
- 对眼睛的运动进行了监测,以评估对文字和图像之间的语义关系的敏感性.
主要成果:
- 无论是LTs还是TT都表现出对分类学语义关系的敏感性,更长时间地观察相关图像.
- 在语义处理中,在LTs和TTs之间没有观察到显著的群体差异.
- 两个小组都对目标图像在目标-现状条件下增加了注意力.
结论:
- 语言技术在它们的感受词汇中编码了语义关系,在语言理解过程中激活它们.
- 尽管表达词汇量较小,但LTs的语义处理能力与TT相当.
- 这项研究提高了对LTs语言系统和语言处理技能的理解.
更多相关视频
09:09Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
Published on: September 27, 2024
475
05:38Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
Published on: June 29, 2021
2.4K
相关概念视频
Language Development
404
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
404
Language and Cognition
378
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
378
Lateralization
375
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
375
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
937
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
937
Components of Language
332
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
332
