野生鱼群中黄金葡萄球菌的缺失支持了溢出假设
Marta Matuszewska1,2, Alicja Dabrowska1,3, Gemma G R Murray1,4
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Microbiology spectrum
|June 21, 2023
概括
在养殖鱼类中发现的金黄色葡萄球菌可能源于人类的溢出,而不是鱼类的专业化. 偏远地区的野生鱼种群没有出现金黄色菌,支持了这种溢出假设,并突出了水产养殖中的风险.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 动物传播疾病 动物传播疾病
- 水生动物卫生 水生动物卫生
背景情况:
- 金黄色葡萄球菌 (Staphylococcus aureus) 是一种多才多艺的细菌,在人类和牲畜中起到共生和机会性病原体的作用.
- 最近的发现表明S. aureus存在于各种野生动物中,包括鱼类,这引发了对宿主专业化与溢出问题的质疑.
- 鉴于鱼类消费量不断增加和潜在的公共卫生影响,了解鱼类中的金黄色杆菌动态至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查鱼类中黄金葡萄球菌的起源,特别是测试其他宿主种群的溢出假设.
- 为了确定从鱼中分离出来的金黄色细菌是否表现出宿主专业化或反复获得事件的证据.
- 评估S. aureus在偏远环境中野生鱼群中的流行程度,暴露水平各不相同.
主要方法:
- 来自养殖鱼的12个S. aureus分离物的基因组测序,以分析多样性并确定潜在的来源.
- 对分离物体的遗传学分析以推断收购事件并识别特定的遗传元素,如prophages.
- 在苏格兰高地16个地点对野生棕鱼及其环境进行实地选,以检测黄金菌的存在.
主要成果:
- 所有12个来自养殖鱼的S. aureus分离物都属于克隆复合体45,但基因组多样性表明重复的获取事件.
- 隔离物中的一个φSa3prophage含有人类免疫逃避基因,这表明它可能是人类起源的.
- 在偏远的苏格兰高地123只野生棕鱼或它们周围环境中没有检测到金黄色菌感染.
结论:
- 这些发现强烈支持溢出假设,表明鱼类中的黄金菌主要是由于人类传播而不是宿主专业化造成的.
- 鱼类不太可能作为新型金黄色菌株的储存库,但可能会受到溢出事件的影响.
- 该研究强调了在水产养殖中监测黄金菌,特别是抗生素耐药菌株的重要性,以减轻对鱼类和人类健康的风险.
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