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荒野-城市接口类型学易于在西班牙发生严重火灾
David Beltrán-Marcos1, Leonor Calvo1, José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga2
1Area of Ecology, Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain.
The Science of the total environment
|June 21, 2023
概括
荒野城市接口 (WUI) 与灌木中分散的建筑物面临着最高的火灾严重性风险. 了解这些WUI类型对于有效的消防管理和保护生态系统和社区至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 林业林业 林业 林业 林业
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 由于气候和土地利用的变化,大规模的森林火灾正在增加,对生物多样性和社会构成重大威胁.
- 南欧的荒野-城市接口 (WUI) 特别脆弱,现有的类型学缺乏关于消防制度组件的概括性.
研究的目的:
- 开发一套综合方案,用于识别WUI类型,在广大地区面临火灾严重程度最高的风险.
- 分析植被特征,建筑密度和WUI的火灾严重程度之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 利用建筑绘图和Sentinel-2图像来根据建筑密度和火灾前的燃料状况来描述WUI.
- 应用决策树回归和线性混合模型来识别关键的植被驱动因素,并评估它们与建筑模式对火灾严重性的联合影响.
- 分析了西班牙14起大型野火 (2016-2021年),涵盖了各种WUI场景.
主要成果:
- 建筑密度,土地覆盖面和植被覆盖率被确定为人类定居点附近火灾严重性的关键决定因素.
- 在高度覆盖的灌木矩阵中,WUI类型的孤立,分散或稀少聚集的建筑物对严重火灾的易感性最高.
结论:
- 该研究确定了对严重火灾最脆弱的特定WUI类型,为风险评估提供了关键的见解.
- 这些发现支持制定有针对性的战略,以减轻WUI的严重火灾风险,保护生态系统服务和社会福祉.
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