新生儿大脑语言学习的先决条件
Teija Kujala1, Eino Partanen1, Paula Virtala1
1Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Trends in neurosciences
|June 21, 2023
概括
新生儿具有与生俱来的语言学习认知能力. 他们的大脑从出生开始就有能力学习语言,解码声音,并有效地理解单词.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 婴儿语言学习是一个复杂的过程.
- 尽管它很困难,婴儿在早期实现了重要的里程碑.
- 了解基础认知能力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查新生儿的认知能力,以促进语言学习.
- 专注于检查这些能力的神经活动研究.
- 为了突出新生儿大脑对语言的天生的准备.
主要方法:
- 对新生儿认知能力研究的综述.
- 专注于利用神经活动测量的研究.
- 对新生儿的听觉处理和统计学学习进行分析.
主要成果:
- 婴儿出生时具有成人核心听觉能力.
- 新生儿表现出统计学学习和从语言中提取规则.
- 新生儿的大脑配备了声音分类和词语边界检测.
结论:
- 新生儿的大脑是预先有线的,可以有效地学习语言.
- 天生的能力支持快速学习单词和语音流.
- 婴儿从出生就准备好从日常输入中学习语言.
相关概念视频
01:22Language Development
403
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
403
01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
934
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
934
01:21The Nativist Approach
89
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
89
01:27Language and Cognition
377
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
377
01:16Language
250
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
250
01:18Introduction to Learning
478
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
478