在低地球轨道之外的可持续太空探索中微生物的应用
Allison P Koehle1, Stephanie L Brumwell2, Emily P Seto3
1Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
NPJ microgravity
|June 21, 2023
概括
太空中的微生物可以既有益又有害. 了解微生物适应是宇航员健康和月球和火星上可持续太空探索的关键.
科学领域:
- 空间微生物学 空间微生物学
- 天体生物学 天体生物学
- 生物技术是生物技术.
背景情况:
- 人类已经在国际空间站生活了22年,这凸显了需要了解微生物在太空中的适应.
- 微生物研究揭示了细菌和真菌在太空中的变化,影响宇航员的健康和航天器的完整性.
- 未来的月球和火星任务需要整合微生物学研究才能成功.
研究的目的:
- 审查微生物在长时间太空旅行中的有益和有害影响.
- 探索微生物在生物再生生命支持系统和生物现场资源利用 (bISRU) 中的应用.
- 讨论微生物的基因工程用于太空生物技术应用和减轻负面影响的策略.
主要方法:
- 审查现有的关于微生物在太空和极端环境中的适应性的文献.
- 分析微生物在宇航员健康,航天器完整性和生命支持系统中的作用.
- 在bISRU中探索微生物应用,包括辐射屏蔽,能源生产和废物回收利用.
主要成果:
- 微生物可以形成生物膜,对健康和航天器产生负面影响,但也有助于塑料降解以实现可持续性.
- 微生物组研究对于保护宇航员免受感染,免疫功能障碍和骨质损失至关重要.
- 微生物可以被设计为辐射屏蔽,发电,并为食品和废物回收利用创造息地.
结论:
- 在减轻风险的同时,利用微生物的好处对于成功的长期太空探索至关重要.
- 微生物学研究对于在月球,火星及其他地方开发可持续的人类息地至关重要.
- 整合微生物解决方案将使更深层次的太空探索和自给自足的地球外生命成为可能.
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