新型纳米辅助剂平衡免疫激活与温和的炎症:对老年人疫苗的影响
Kathleen A Ross1, April M Tingle1,2, Sujata Senapati3
1Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
Immunity & ageing : I & A
|June 21, 2023
概括
新型生物材料显示出对老年人下一代疫苗的前景,通过适度激活免疫细胞,最小的炎症来激活免疫细胞. 这些纳米辅助剂可能会提高老年人群的疫苗疗效.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 生物材料科学 生物材料科学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 衰老会损害免疫反应,增加炎症 (发炎),降低疫苗的疗效.
- 针对老年人的新型疫苗策略需要平衡免疫记忆激活与炎症.
- 生物材料正在探索疫苗输送和辅助性质,但它们对衰老中的免疫细胞的影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 评估新生物材料对年轻和老年人免疫细胞功能的影响.
- 评估生物材料是否可以在不引起过度炎症的情况下增强抗原呈现细胞 (APC) 功能.
- 将新生物材料的免疫调节效应与标准免疫激活剂进行比较.
主要方法:
- 来自年轻和老年人的外周血液单核细胞 (PBMC) 用聚化纳米颗粒 (NP),块共聚合物微粒 (Mi) 和循环二核化物 (CDN) 进行治疗.
- 测量了细胞因子和化学因子的分泌量,并与脂多糖 (LPS) 和PMA/离子素刺激进行了比较.
- 一种组合纳米疫苗 (NP,Mi,CDN) 用于老年小鼠,以评估T细胞的反应.
主要成果:
- NP治疗诱导了辅助剂类活性,增加了来自两年龄组的PBMC中的细胞因子和化学因子,但低于LPS.
- Mi和CDN显示出最小的细胞因子/化学因子诱导,除了CDN增加的IFN-α和IL-12p70外.
- 尽管一些反应与年龄有关,但NP和CDN刺激在老年人中产生同等或更大的IFN-α,IL-12和IL-7产量,与年轻人相比.
- 在老年小鼠中,组合纳米疫苗增强了抗原特异性CD4+T细胞和效应记忆细胞,而不是用imitquimod辅助的疫苗.
结论:
- 新型生物材料 (NP,Mi,CDN) 显示出适度的细胞因子诱导,具有较低的炎症特征.
- 这些发现表明,生物材料纳米辅助剂在下一代老年人疫苗中的潜力.
- 经测试的生物材料可能通过调节免疫反应,为改善老年人群中疫苗有效性的方法提供了一种途径.
相关概念视频
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
563
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
563
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes
1.5K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
1.5K
Inflammatory Response
2.2K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
2.2K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
830
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
830
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
907
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
907
Inflammation
54.0K
Overview
54.0K


